Joints and Ligaments

Joints and ligaments for bone practical

Synarthrosis (functional class) Define

No movement, no joint cavity

Examples of Synarthrosis

• Suture - Fibrous, skull bones head together by dense CT

• Gomphosis - Fibrous, teeth

• Synostosis - Bony, bone fuse together

• Synchondrosis - Cartilaginous, cartilaginous bridge between 2 bones (1st ribs and sternum)

Amphiarthrosis (functional class) define

Slightly movable, cartilaginous joints, no joint cavity

Amphiarthrosis examples

• Syndesmosis - 2 bones linked by strong ligament. Ex: distal tibiofibular

• Symphysis - fibrocartilage pad. Ex: Between bodies of vertebrae and pubic symphysis

Symphyseal / Symphysis Location

• Bodies of vertebrae - intervertebral

• Pubic symphysis - pubic bones of coxal bones

Diarthrosis (functional class) define

freely movable, synovial joint, joint cavity

What are the types of diarthrosis joints?

• Plane or gliding

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Condyloid

• Saddle

• Ball and Socket

Plane or gliding joint location

• Superior/inferior articulating facets/process of vertebrae

• Sacro-Iliac

• Rib - Thoracic vertebrae

• Intercarpal and intertarsal

• Carpometacarpal

• Tarsometatarsal

Type and class of joint between bodies of vertebrae

Symphysis, amphiarthrosis

Type and class of joint of pubic symphysis

Symphysis, amphiarthrosis

Type and class of joint of superior/inferior articulating facets/processes of vertebrae

Plane or gliding, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at sacro-Iliac

Plane or gliding, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at rib/thoracic vertebrae

plane or gliding, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at intercarpal and intertarsal

Plane or gliding, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at carpometacarpal and tarsometatarsal

Plane or gliding, diarthrosis

Hinge joint location

• Elbow

• Knee (modified hinge)

• Ankle

• Interphalangeal

Type and class of joint at elbow

Hinge, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at knee

Hinge, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at ankle

Hinge, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at interphalangeal

Hinge, diarthrosis

Pivot joint location

• Atlantoaxial (atlas and axis)

• Radioulnar (think radius is a circle and pivot only does roation)

Type and class of joint at atlantoaxial (atlas-axis)

Pivot, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at radioulnar

Pivot, diarthrosis

Condyloid joint location

• Radiocarpal

• Metacarpophalangeal

• Metatarsophalangeal

Type and class of joint at radiocarpal

Condyloid, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at metatarsophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal

Condyloid, diarthrosis

Saddle joint location

• Capometacarpal of thumb

Type and class of joint at carpometacarpal of thumb

Saddle, diarthrosis

Ball and socket joint location

• Shoulder - glenohumeral

• Hip

Type and class of joint at glenohumeral

Ball and socket, diarthrosis

Type and class of joint at hip

Ball and socket, diarthrosis

What the ligament in the middle at patella?

Patella ligament

What the ligament to tibial/medial side of the knee?

Tibial collateral ligament

What is the ligament to fibula/lateral side of knee?

Fibular collateral ligament

What are pads on top the tibia?

Medial and lateral meniscus cartilage

What is ligament in the middle of knee? This is the anterior view

Anterior cruciate ligament

What is the ligament on left model that’s in the middle? The left knee model is in the posterior view

Posterior cruciate ligament

What is the ligament inside the acetabulum (of coxal bone) that connects to fovea capitis (of femoral head)

Ligamentum teres

What other structure is at the hip that surrounds the ball and socket joint?

Hip capsule

What structure is present at shoulder joint?

Capsule of shoulder

What structure is present at the elbow joint?

Capsule of elbow

What structure is in between the vertebrae bodies?

Intervertebral disc

What structure is at the sternum and helps to binds ribs?

Costal cartilage