Economics Chapters 4–7: Demand, Supply, Prices & Market Structures

Axial

Pertaining to the head, neck and trunk.

Appendicular

Pertaining to the upper or lower limbs.

Cranial Cavity

Space in the skull containing the brain.

Vertebral Canal

Canal formed by hollow areas in the vertebrae that contains the spinal cord.

Thoracic Cavity

Hollow space inside the chest containing the thoracic organs.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic outlet that contains the abdominal and pelvic organs.

Viscera

Organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Diaphragm

A sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscles and connective tissue that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Mediastinum

The compartment in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.

Abdominal Cavity

Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic cavity that contains the abdominal viscera.

Pelvic Cavity

Space within the ring formed by the sacrum and hip bones that encloses the terminal part of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.

Oral Cavity

Contains the teeth and tongue.

Nasal Cavity

Space posterior (behind) to the nose.

Orbital Cavities

Containing the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves.

Middle Ear Cavities

Containing the middle ear bones.

Parietal

Pertaining to the wall of a cavity.

Visceral

Pertaining to the organs within a body cavity.

Parietal Pleura

Serous membrane that covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity wall.

Visceral Pleura

Serous membrane that covers the surface of each lung.

Pleural Membranes

Serous membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the chest wall.

Pleural Cavity

Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes.

Pericardial Membrane

The membrane surrounding the heart.

Peritoneal Membrane

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs.

Peritoneal Cavity

Potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes.

Integumentary System

The organ system that includes the skin and its accessory structures.

Skeletal System

The organ system that includes the bones, and the ligaments and cartilages that hold them together.

Muscular System

The organ system that includes the skeletal muscles.

Nervous System

The organ system that includes the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.

Endocrine System

The organ system that includes the glands that secrete hormones into the blood.

Cardiovascular System

The organ system that includes the heart and the blood vessels.

Lymphatic System

The organ system that includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the thymus, the spleen, and a fluid called lymph. It plays a role in the body's defense against infection.

Digestive System

The organ system that includes the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine.

Respiratory System

The organ system that obtains oxygen for the body cells and removes carbon dioxide. The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs are part of this system.

Urinary System

The organ system that includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Reproductive Systems

The organ systems in the male and female that work together to produce offspring. The male reproductive system includes the scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva.