History Reconstruction Test

Ten Percent Plan

Abraham Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to rejoin the Union when 10% of its voters swore loyalty to the United States and accepted the end of slavery.

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War that restricted the freedom and rights of African Americans.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Law that granted citizenship and equal legal rights to African Americans. Congress passed it over President Johnson's veto.

Tenure of Office Act

Law that prevented the president from removing certain government officials without Senate approval. Johnson violated it by attempting to remove Edwin Stanton, leading to his impeachment.

Enforcement Acts (1870-71)

Laws passed to protect African American voting rights and fight violence and intimidation by groups like the Ku Klux Klan.

Compromise of 1877

Agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election, allowing Rutherford B. Hayes to become president. Federal troops were withdrawn from the South, ending Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln

President during the Civil War who created the lenient Ten Percent Plan to reunite the country. Assassinated in April 1865.

Andrew Johnson

President after Lincoln who supported lenient Reconstruction policies toward the South. He was impeached by the House but avoided removal from office by one Senate vote.

Thaddeus Stevens

Leading Radical Republican in the House of Representatives who wanted stricter Reconstruction policies and equal rights for African Americans.

Ulysses S. Grant

President elected in 1868 who supported Reconstruction and signed the Enforcement Acts to protect African American voting rights.

Hiram Revels

First African American to serve in the U.S. Senate, beginning in 1870.

Rutherford B. Hayes

Republican candidate who became president after the disputed election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877.

Samuel Tilden

Democratic candidate in the disputed 1876 presidential election who lost to Rutherford B. Hayes after the election was resolved.

Freedmen's Bureau

Government agency created in 1865 to help formerly enslaved people by providing food, education, medical care, and legal assistance.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often to pursue business or political opportunities or help rebuild the South.

Scalawags

White Southerners who supported the Republican Party and Reconstruction, including equal rights for African Americans.

Redeemers

Southern Democrats who wanted to end Republican Reconstruction governments and restore white Democratic control of the South.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

White supremacist terrorist group that used violence and intimidation to prevent African Americans from voting and exercising their rights.

Sharecropping

Farming system where farmers worked on someone else's land in exchange for a share of the crops. It often trapped formerly enslaved people in debt.