dat 118 pt. 2

objective-based

Posterior teeth

Permanent teeth located behind the canines; include premolars and molars.

Premolars

Posterior teeth located between the canines and molars.

Molars

Posterior teeth located behind the premolars.

Occlusal surface

The chewing surface of a posterior tooth.

Cusp

A raised portion of the crown of a tooth.

Cusp ridge

The sloping area extending from the top of a cusp.

Marginal ridge

A raised border on the mesial or distal side of the occlusal surface.

Fossa

A shallow depression on the occlusal surface.

Central fossa

A fossa located centrally on the occlusal surface.

Triangular fossa

A triangular-shaped depression on the occlusal surface.

Developmental groove

A groove formed where different parts or lobes of a tooth develop.

Developmental pit

A pinpoint depression where two or more grooves meet.

Root trunk

The portion of a multirooted tooth where the roots begin to divide.

Bifurcated

Divided into two roots.

Trifurcated

Divided into three roots.

Furcation

The area where two or more roots divide.

Succedaneous

A permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth.

Nonsuccedaneous

A permanent tooth that does not replace a primary tooth.

Supplemental grooves

Additional smaller grooves found on the occlusal surface.

Crenulated

An irregular or wrinkled occlusal surface with many grooves and pits.

Number of permanent premolars

There are 8 permanent premolars.

Number of permanent molars

There are 12 permanent molars.

Premolar location

Between the canine and first molar.

Molar location

Behind the premolars.

Premolars and succession

Premolars are succedaneous and replace primary molars.

Molars and succession

Molars are nonsuccedaneous and do not replace primary teeth.

Universal #5

Maxillary right first premolar.

Universal #12

Maxillary left first premolar.

Universal #4

Maxillary right second premolar.

Universal #13

Maxillary left second premolar.

Universal #21

Mandibular left first premolar.

Universal #28

Mandibular right first premolar.

Universal #20

Mandibular left second premolar.

Universal #29

Mandibular right second premolar.

Universal #3

Maxillary right first molar.

Universal #14

Maxillary left first molar.

Universal #2

Maxillary right second molar.

Universal #15

Maxillary left second molar.

Universal #1

Maxillary right third molar.

Universal #16

Maxillary left third molar.

Universal #19

Mandibular left first molar.

Universal #30

Mandibular right first molar.

Universal #18

Mandibular left second molar.

Universal #31

Mandibular right second molar.

Universal #17

Mandibular left third molar.

Universal #32

Mandibular right third molar.

Maxillary first premolar

5 and #12; has 2 cusps and usually 2 roots.

Maxillary second premolar

4 and #13; has 2 cusps and usually 1 root.

Mandibular first premolar

21 and #28; has a large functional buccal cusp and tiny lingual cusp.

Mandibular second premolar

20 and #29; may have 2 or 3 cusps.

Maxillary first premolar cusps

One buccal cusp and one lingual cusp.

Maxillary first premolar roots

Usually 2 roots.

Maxillary first premolar size

Larger than the maxillary second premolar.

Maxillary first premolar buccal cusp

Usually about 1 mm higher than the lingual cusp.

Maxillary first premolar mesial root feature

Has a distinct mesial root concavity.

Maxillary first premolar mesial groove

Has a mesial marginal groove.

Maxillary first premolar cusp slopes

The mesial cusp slope is longer than the distal cusp slope.

Maxillary first premolar clinical concern

Root concavities and grooves can retain deposits and complicate periodontal care.

Maxillary second premolar cusps

One buccal cusp and one lingual cusp.

Maxillary second premolar roots

Usually 1 root and 1 canal.

Maxillary second premolar size

Smaller than the maxillary first premolar.

Maxillary second premolar cusp shape

Cusps are closer in height and less sharp.

Maxillary second premolar crown

Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally.

Mandibular first premolar appearance

Resembles a mandibular canine.

Mandibular first premolar buccal cusp

Large, long, and functional.

Mandibular first premolar lingual cusp

Small and nonfunctional.

Mandibular first premolar roots

Usually 1 root.

Mandibular first premolar occlusal outline

Diamond-shaped.

Mandibular first premolar pulp

Has 2 pulp horns and 1 canal.

Mandibular second premolar cusp forms

Can have either 2 or 3 cusps.

Mandibular second premolar three-cusp form

Has 1 buccal cusp and 2 lingual cusps.

Mandibular second premolar lingual groove

Separates the two lingual cusps in the three-cusp form.

Mandibular second premolar two-cusp form

Has 1 buccal cusp and 1 lingual cusp.

Mandibular second premolar groove pattern

Two-cusp form commonly has a U-shaped pattern and sometimes an H-shaped pattern.

Mandibular second premolar pulp

Three-cusp form has 3 pulp horns; two-cusp form has 2.

Mandibular second premolar clinical importance

Its pits and grooves can retain plaque and increase caries risk.

Number of permanent molars

There are 12 permanent molars.

First molar nickname

6-year molar.

Second molar nickname

12-year molar.

Third molar nickname

Wisdom tooth.

General maxillary molar roots

Usually 3 roots.

General mandibular molar roots

Usually 2 roots.

Maxillary molar cusps

Generally have 4 major cusps.

Mandibular molar crown

Generally wider mesiodistally than buccolingually.

Maxillary first molar

3 and #14; largest crown in the permanent dentition.

Maxillary first molar eruption

Approximately 6 years.

Maxillary first molar roots

3 roots: mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual/palatal.

Maxillary first molar major cusps

MB, DB, ML, and DL.

Maxillary first molar cusp size

ML > MB > DB > DL.

Cusp of Carabelli

An accessory cusp that may occur on the maxillary first molar.

Cusp of Carabelli location

Associated with the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar.

Maxillary first molar developmental lobes

Has 5 developmental lobes.

Maxillary first molar oblique ridge

Formed by the ML cusp ridge and DB cusp ridge.

Maxillary first molar transverse ridge

Formed by the MB and ML cusp ridges.

Maxillary first molar clinical importance

Important for occlusion and has pits and grooves susceptible to plaque and caries.

Maxillary second molar

2 and #15; smaller than the maxillary first molar.

Maxillary second molar eruption

Approximately 12–13 years.

Maxillary second molar cusps

Usually 4 cusps; sometimes 3.

Maxillary second molar Carabelli cusp

Does not have a typical cusp of Carabelli.

Maxillary second molar roots

3 roots that are smaller and less divergent than first molar roots.