CH 7-10 (ANP)

bone classifications

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

long bones

humerus, femur, unla, tibia

short bones

carpal (wrist), tarsal (ankle)

flat bones

cranial, sternum, ribs, scapula

irregular bones

vertebrae (spine), facial bones

sesamoid bones

patella (kneecap)

most abundant mineral in the human body?

calcium

where is calcium stored in the body?

extracellular matrix of bone

2 types of bone marrow

red & yellow bone morrow

red bone morrow

produces blood cells

yellow blood cells

stores fat, cartilage, & bone cells

# of bones in skeletal system

206 bones (80 axial; 126 appendicular)

axial skeleton

bones that form the axis of the body, & support & protect the organs of the head, neck, & trunk

axial skeleton principal bones

skull, sternum, ribs, & vertebral column

appendicular skeleton

bones that anchor the appendages of the axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton principal bones

upper extremities, lower extremities, shoulder girdle, & pelvic girdle (hip)

function of the thoracic cage

protecting vital organs, facilitating breathing, & providing structural support & muscle attachment

parts of the sternum (3)

manubrium, body, & xiphoid process

manubrium

first third, thick-trapezoid, primary anchor point connecting the rib cage to collarbones

body (of sternum)

second third, longest, main central shield of the front chest wall

xiphoid process

third-third, small/thin, flexible hyaline cartilage at birth gradually solidifies around age 40

what makes up the temporal bone? (7)

squamous portion

zygomatic process,

mastoid process,

external acoustic meatus

mandibular fossa

articular tubercle

styloid process

pairs of ribs in the thoracic cage (3)

true ribs, false ribs, & floating ribs

true ribs (pairs 1-7)

costal cartilage directly attached to sternum

false ribs (8-12)

costal cartilage does not attach to sternum

floating ribs (11-12)

DO NOT have costal cartilage

what is the shoulder girdle?

two bones: clavicle (collarbone) & scapula (shoulder blade); supports upper limbs

minerals in the bone (2)

calcium & phosphate

bones of the skull (4)

temporal, sphenoid, mandible, & cranial

the hand (3)

carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers)

what are the bones in the PALM of your hand specifically?

metacarpals

anatomical regions of the upper limb (3)

humerus, radius (lateral side), & ulna (medial side)

Gout

form of arthritis that result from deposition of uric acid crystals within a body joint

what causes gout?

when the body makes too much uric acid/kidneys don’t excrete it

hyaline cartilage & growth area