WGU C458 Health Wellness Fitness - Unit 1 Module 2

communicable disease

def: disease transmittable from one person to another by means germs - virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite (e.g. cold, flu, hepatitis, lice, athlete's foot)

noncommunicable disease

def. non-transmittable disease caused by means other than germs (e.g. cardiopulmonary disease, diabetes, cancer)

communicable diseases by virus

common cold

influenza (flu)

mononucleosis (mono or kissing disease)

viral meningitis

hepititis (A B or C)

cold sore (herpes simplex virus or HSV)

chicken pox (varicella virus

measels

Ebola virus

Zika virus

communicable diseases caused by bacteria

bacterial meningitis

urinary tract infection

hepitis

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

communicable diseases caused by fungus or parasite

fungus: athlete's foot

parasite: malaria, head lice,

communicable disease type caused by all types of germs

STI's/STD's (sexually transmitted disease or infection)

types of STI/STD: chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human papilloma virus (HPV), syphilis, and trichomoniasis)

(NOTE: Ebola and Zika also sexually transmittable, but mostly spread by other means)

most common methods of transmission of communicable diseases

1. Direct contact—kissing, touching, sneezing, coughing, and engaging in sexual contact. Also pregnant mothers to fetus

2. Indirect contact— touching surfaces containing germs transferred by infected person or animal (door knobs, light switches, toilet flush handles, etc)

3. Bites—through bites of either insects or animals.

4. Contamination— of Food, water, soil, or plants consumed or touched

best means of general prevention of communicable diseases

1. Frequent hand washing with soap & hot water

2. Contact avoidance (distancing & surface disinfecting)

3. Avoid sharing beverages, utensils, and lip products.

4. Flu prevention = annual flu vaccine

5. Proper food handling practices

6. STI / STD Prevention = protected sex & regular testing

common cold symptoms (4)

*All MILD symptoms

*UPPER AND/OR LOWER Respiratory Tract

Itchy & watery eyes

Sneezing

Throat discomfort (mildly sore & itchy)

Congestion (Nasal / chest)

influenza (flu) symptoms

Symptoms *MORE SEVERE than cold, but less than other viral infections

Muscle stiffness and fatigue

nasal congestion, cough, sore throat

Headaches and *HIGH Fever

symptoms of Mononucleosis (mono)

Headache, fatigue, and fever

*SWOLLEN lymph nodes (neck & armpits) and tonsils

sore throat

*Soft, SWOLLEN spleen

*Skin RASH

Symptoms of Meningitis

*SUDDEN high fever and SEVERE headache

with STIFF neck, nausea and/or vomitting

*Can cause stroke, hearing loss, brain damage

symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection

*BURNING URINATION

abdominal pain/discomfort/pressure

pain in back, side, below rib

*URGENCY (feeling need to urinate)

*FOUL smelling urine

fever, fatigue, shakiness

symptoms of Hepatitis A, B, or C

loss of appetite

nausea or vomitting

diarrhea

*Dark urine & pale Bowel Movement

*jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)

Symptoms of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Fever

*Skin bump or rash (red, swollen, painful, warm, pus-filled or draining)

*Especially after contact with another's wounds or personal items such as razors

symptoms of cold sores (herpes simplex virus)

*Small, hard, painful spot or fluid-filled blister on lip, nose, or cheek

*Tingling / itching or oozing / crusting at infected area

*Especially after contact with any items having touched anothers lips or mouth

symptoms of head lice

*Itching at scalp, neck, and ears

*Visible lice on scalp or nits (eggs) on hair shafts

symptoms of chicken pox

*Starts with uncomfortable, itchy rash which becomes fluid-filled blisters which then become scabs

accompanied with fever, headache, tiredness, and loss of appetite

symptoms of measels

*Blotchy red rash starting at head and moving to whole body

*Tiny white spots inside the mouth

*Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Feeling achy

Fever, cough, runny nose

chicken pox vs measles symptoms

chicken pox: rash becomes blisters that open and scab; vs

measles rash doesn't blister and is accompanied with white spots in mouth and pink eye

general symptoms of STI / STD

· Sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal area

· Painful or burning urination

· Discharge from the penis

· Unusual or odd-smelling vaginal discharge

· Unusual vaginal bleeding

· Pain during sex

· Sore, swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin but sometimes more widespread

· Lower abdominal pain

· Fever

· Rash over the torso, hands, or feet

Types of Heart Disease

1. CAD / CHD (Coronary Artery Disease / Coronary Heart Disease)

2. Stroke

3. Hypertension (high blood pressure)

noncommunicable diseases: Cancer

-cellular abnormality disease

-attack and change or destroy normal cells

-cause growths called tumors

-benign tumor = non cancerous

-malignant tumor = cancerous

-metastasized = spread beyond area of origination to

- other regions of body (metastasis)

noncommunicable diseases: Asthma

- chronic disease of lung/respiratory system

- characterized by episodes of extreme breathing difficulty caused by inflammation of bronchi

- usually triggered by stress or allergy (called asthma attacks);

- cannot be cured, but may be managed with use of inhalers and breathing treatments

noncommunicable disease: Epilepsy

neurological disorder causes misfiring of neurons resulting in seizure (may be frequent or not; may be severe or not)

Cardiopulmonary definition

cardio relates to heart; pulmonary relates to lungs; therefore cardiopulmonary relates to both heart and lungs

main types of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases

preventable / controllable

non-preventable / non-controllable

genetics, ethnicity or family history

environmental risk factors