Research and EBP Exam 2

Respect for Human Dignity

People have the right to make their own decisions

Beneficence

Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm

Justice

Research burdens and benefits should be distributed fairly

Informed consent

Participants are able to understand reasonably foreseeable risks and potential benefits, understand the purpose and what the participation involves.

Privacy

The persons right to control access to themselves or their personal information

Anonymity

Identity is not linked to the information collected

Confidentiality

The researcher knows or could know the identity but protects

Physical risk

Injury, pain, medication effects, procedures

Psychological risk

Anxiety, distress, embarrassment,

Social risk

Stigma, relationship, employment, or school consequences

Legal risk

Information that could create legal problems

Financial risk

Costs or loss of income

Examples of vulnerable populations

Children, people with impaired decision-making capacity, prisoners, people who may feel pressure because of authority relationships

Coercion

Pressure involving a threat or penalty if the person refuses

Undue influence

Excessive or inappropriate pressures that makes participation feel less voluntary

IRB (institutional review board)

Provides independent ethical review before human-subject research begins. It considers risks benefits consent procedures, privacy/confidentiality, and protections for vulnerable participants

Clinical practice

a problem you repeatedly notice in patient care

Previous research

A study leaves a gap, a limitation or unanswered question

Research problem

What is concerning, unclear or not well understood

Purpose

What is the overall goal of the study

Research question

What exactly does the researcher want to find out?

Quantitative

Measurable variables. relationships, differences or effects

Qualitative

experiences, meaning, perceptions, or processes

Hypothesis

A prediction about a relationship between variables

Directional

The hypothesis tells you which way the relationship is expected to go

Null

The hypothesis states there is no relationship or difference

Simple vs Complex

Count the variables: one pair=simple; more than one= complex

Literature review

Why do researchers review what is already known

Primary resource

Original research report from the researchers who conducted the study

Database

Organized collection used to find research literature

CINAHL

Major nursing and allied health database

Medline/ PubMed

Major biomedical literature search resources

Keywords

Search words that represent your concepts

AND

Narrows

OR

Broadens

NOT

Excludes

Screening

itle - abstract - methods - full article

Synthesis

Put findings together to see the bigger picture

A nurse researcher is interested in whether a brief nurse-led discharge teaching program reduces 30 day hospital readmissions among adults with heart failure. Which research question is the best match for this purpose?

A: How do adults with heart failure describe their experiences after hospital discharge?

B: Does a nurse-led discharge teaching program reduce 30-day hospital readmissions among adults with heart failure?

C: What percentage of adults with heart failure report feeling confident after discharge?

D: What do nurses believe are the most important discharge teaching topics?

B

Which hypothesis is directional?

A: There is a relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality among nursing students

B: There is no relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality among nursing students

C: Higher perceived stress will be associated with poorer sleep quality among nursing students

D; How do nursing students describe the effect of stress on their sleep?

C

A researcher wants to understand how new graduate nurses describe their experiences of managing clinical workload during their first year of practice. Which approach BEST fits this research question?

A: Quantitative, because workload can be measured numerically

B: Qualitative, because the question focuses on experiences and meaning.

C: Experimental, because the researcher is studying new graduate nurses

D; Quantitative, because every research study requires a hypothesis

B

Which statement is a null hypothesis?

A: Higher nurse workload will be associated with greater fatigue

B: Nurse workload will be associated with fatigue

C: There is no relationship between nurse workload and fatigue

D; Nurses with higher workloads will report greater fatigue

C