Neurological Issues

Dopamine imbalance

An excess is linked to schizophrenia, whereas a deficit is linked to Parkinson's disease.

Acetylcholine (ACh) deficit

Linked to the cognitive decline characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

Serotonin deficit

Commonly associated with Major Depressive Disorder.

GABA deficit

Results in insufficient neural inhibition, leading to anxiety, seizures, and insomnia.

Norepinephrine deficit

Linked to depressed mood and decreased arousal.

Damage to Broca's area

Causes expressive aphasia, impairing speech production while comprehension typically remains intact.

Damage to Wernicke's area

Causes receptive aphasia, impairing language comprehension while leaving speech fluent but meaningless.

Damage to the hippocampus

Causes anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new long-term memories, and is heavily affected in Alzheimer's disease.

Amygdala

Limbic structure that processes emotional reactions, specifically fear, aggression, and anxiety.

Prefrontal cortex

Regulates executive functioning, judgment, and impulse control; impairments are associated with ADHD and antisocial behavior.

Damage to the cerebellum

Impairs balance and motor coordination, causing ataxia.

Damage to the basal ganglia

Degeneration of neurons in this motor control center causes Huntington's disease, leading to uncontrollable jerky movements.