Chapter 4 - Cities and urban life (EXAM ll)

The New Urban Nation, 1865–1910

Industrialization created jobs in factories, businesses, and offices.

Sources of urban growth

Immigration brought millions of people to American cities looking for work and opportunities.

Sources of urban growth

Rural Americans also moved to cities for employment.

Sources of urban growth

Transportation improvements helped cities expand and allowed people to live farther from their workplaces.

Sources of urban growth

Many immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe.

New Immigrants

They often settled in ethnic neighborhoods where they could find familiar languages, food, churches, and community support.

New Immigrants

Immigrants supplied labor but also faced prejudice and pressure to assimilate.

New Immigrants

organizations that gained power by providing services, jobs, or assistance in exchange for votes and political loyalty.

Political machines

Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York City are major examples.

Political machines

Could help immigrants and working-class residents, but corruption and favoritism were common.

Political machines

Live entertainment featuring different acts, such as comedians, singers, dancers, and specialty performers.

Vaudeville and movies

Became an increasingly popular form of mass entertainment, helping create a shared popular culture.

Vaudeville and movies

Spectator ___ became popular parts of urban mass culture.

Baseball and football

Grew into a major professional sport.

Baseball and football

Also attracted growing audiences as organized sports became more commercialized.

Baseball and football

Nativism involved hostility toward immigrants and the belief that native-born Americans should receive preference.

Immigration restriction

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted Chinese immigration and reflected anti-Chinese prejudice.

Immigration restriction