LEL 4114 MIDTERM EXAMS

Interdependence

It is the structure of a state’s interactions with other states that suggests mutuality and equality.

Dependence

It is the asymmetric pattern of interactions between a more powerful and a less powerful state.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: In the international environment, all the actors are equally sovereign and therefore of equal footing.

• Consensus-oriented foreign policy

• Compliant foreign policy

• Counterdependent foreign policy

• Compensation

According to Alden and Aaran (2017), these are the four categories of foreign policies of small states.

Consensus-oriented foreign policy

It is a positive foreign policy of small states where they voluntarily align their external policy with that of a larger more powerful state that has the capacity to exert influence over them.

Compliant foreign policy

It is a positive foreign policy of small states where more powerful states pressure the similar state’s leaders to align their foreign policy with it.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: Small states align their foreign policy to more powerful states primarily because of absence and/or lack of existing capabilities.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: A consensus-oriented foreign policy is the product of pressure, meaning there is a direct attempt of influence from a bigger state.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: In compliant foreign policies, alignment is not automatic but rather hinges on pressure exerted by bigger states.

Counterdependent foreign policy

It is a defiant foreign policy of small states where its leaders are frustrated with the dependent situation of their state and try to find ways to reduce the consequences of that dependence.

Compensation

It is a defiant foreign policy of small states that antagonizes the leaders of powerful states in an effort to appease domestic audiences.

Held expectations for other States’ behavior

In decision making, what is the result of measurable indicators + historical patterns?

National role conception

The idea that states create their own roles and image in the international environment

Soft power

It is the ability to shape the preferences of others but relies not so much on specific actions as on what a country represents.

1. Longer dependence than any other regional neighbors characterized by US links

2. No full foreign policy restructuring

3. Geographical separation from other Asian countries

4. Weakest state structure in the region

The four distinct characteristics of Philippine foreign policy

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: Philippine society is loosely structured, dominated by a complex pattern of patron-client relations.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: The Philippines became the poorest ASEAN country during the 1980s.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: The Philippine was perceived as a strong state following the EDSA Revolution that ousted the Marcos family.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: Ferdinand Marcos Sr. attempted to project the image of the Philippines as a strong state during the Martial Law.

TRUE or FALSE: