Bio chapter 1

Cell theory

cells can only come from other cells

Cellular respiration

process plants use to get useable energy

Consumer

has to eat matter from other organisms to have energy for cells

energy

capacity to cause change, especially to do work

• ex: light, heat, chemical energy stored in food

theory of evolution

organisms on earth today are modified versions of ancestors

• all new species come from other species

fundamental properties of living systems

• require energy + matter

• span multiple levels of complexity

  • get emergent properties w/increasing complexity

• organized transmission + expression of genetic info

• are the result of evolution (the explanation, why)

atom, molecule, organelles, cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

levels of complexity (emergent properties)

matter

all the stuff that

metabolism

all chemical reactions that happen in cells to do chemical (building/breaking) + mechanical (moving) work

natural selection

selecting traits that best help organisms survive/reproduce

• traits are more common over time

organisms

interact as populations of species

photosynthesis

process producers use to turn solar energy to chemical energy

phylogeny

diagram showing how all living organisms are connected via a family tree

control group

does not get the treatment, used as a baseline to compare data to

controlled experiment

when you only change one variable and keep others the same

controlled variable

kept the same during the experiment

data/datum

what’s collected, usually numbers

dependent variable

• the “results”

• depends on the independent variable

hypothesis(es)

a statement predicting what will happen

hypothesis testing

testing to see if it’s true

independent variable

what you change/manipulate

observational experiment

When you ONLY look with your eyes, no variables are set up.

science

uses evidence-based process of inquiry to investigate natural world

• based on observations made w/senses/microscopes

scientific method

method/steps we follow to complete an experiment

organisms, populations, community

when different ______ interact and there’s different _______ in one area, they form a _____.

subatomic particles

protons, neutrons, electrons

atoms

smallest unit of matter

• can’t be broken down further, form molecules

molecules

life starts at the ______, life systems build cells out of them

• many organisms stop here and exist as single cells

multicellular organism

made of cells, tissue, organs, organ systems (ex: skeletal system)

life

____ requires instructions for building cells + maintaining them

• must last within lifespan/generations

DNA

• stores genetic info

• each strand has genes, which has instructions to make molecules

elements

substances that can’t be broken down to other substances via chemical reactions

trace elements

smaller quantities that are required

essential elements

• make up 99.9% of body weight

• 25 elements

1st shell

holds 2 electrons

2nd - 4th shell

holds 4 pairs (8 total electrons)

farther from nucleus = more potential energy, but less pull to nucleus

nucleus + potential energy

energy, matter

_____ flows in one direction, _____ flows in a cycle