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What is classical conditioning?

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

How is classical conditioning applied in behavior therapy?

It is applied to unlearn maladaptive behaviors and replace them with adaptive responses through techniques like systematic desensitization, extinction, or counterconditioning.

What is operant conditioning?

A learning process where behaviors are influenced by their consequences, increasing or decreasing the likelihood of the behavior's recurrence.

What is positive reinforcement?

Adding rewards to increase desired behaviors.

What is negative reinforcement?

Removing aversive stimuli to increase desired behaviors.

What does punishment mean in the context of operant conditioning?

Adding aversive stimuli or removing rewards to decrease unwanted behaviors.

What is the role of extinction in behavior therapy?

It reduces behaviors by withholding reinforcement.

What does self-efficacy refer to?

A person’s belief in their ability to successfully perform tasks or handle specific situations.

How does self-efficacy relate to Bandura’s social-cognitive theory?

It determines how individuals approach challenges and regulate their behavior.

What are the ABCs of functional assessment?

Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences that help understand and modify behavior.

What is progressive muscle relaxation?

A technique involving systematically tensing and relaxing muscle groups to reduce tension and induce calm.

What is systematic desensitization?

A technique that pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli.

What is in vivo exposure?

Direct, real-life exposure to feared stimuli or situations instead of imagining them.

What is flooding in therapy?

Prolonged and intense exposure to the most anxiety-provoking situations.

What is the goal of self-management programs?

To empower individuals to take control of their behavior through various strategic skills.

What is the first self-management strategy?

Selecting specific, realistic, measurable, and attainable goals.

What does self-monitoring involve?

Tracking and recording behaviors, thoughts, and emotions to increase awareness.

What is the purpose of creating an action plan for change?

To develop a detailed plan for adopting and maintaining desired behaviors.

What are DBT skills?

Skills such as mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance designed to enhance emotional well-being.

What does mindfulness in DBT focus on?

Staying fully present in the current moment without judgment.

What is interpersonal effectiveness in DBT?

Skills for building and maintaining healthy relationships and asserting needs.

What does emotion regulation involve?

Understanding and managing emotions effectively.

What is distress tolerance in DBT?

Coping with crises and distressing situations without resorting to harmful behaviors.

What are Ellis’ ‘three basic musts’?

1. I must do well and be loved, 2. Other people must treat me fairly, 3. The world must be comfortable.

What does the A-B-C framework in REBT represent?

Activating event, Beliefs about the event, Consequences arising from those beliefs.

How does disputing irrational beliefs help in REBT?

It allows clients to question and replace irrational beliefs with rational alternatives.

What characterizes collaborative empiricism in cognitive therapy?

A partnership between therapist and client to explore and test beliefs through evidence.

What are the three main meditation practices in mindfulness-oriented therapies?

Focused Attention, Open Monitoring, and Loving-Kindness/Compassion Meditation.

What does ‘joining’ mean in family therapy?

Building rapport and establishing a collaborative relationship with family members.

What is a family assessment?

Gathering information about family dynamics, communication patterns, roles, and relational interactions.

Why is self-reinforcement important in self-management?

It strengthens desired behaviors by rewarding achievements or avoiding punishments.

What are three forms of formal meditation practice?

1. Focused Attention Meditation 2. Open Monitoring Meditation 3. Loving-Kindness/Compassion Meditation.

What are three ways therapists integrate mindfulness into therapy?

1. Teaching mindfulness meditation techniques. 2. Encouraging clients to practice mindfulness in everyday activities. 3. Using

What are the 5 phases of CBT for panic?

1. Education about panic and its symptoms. 2. Monitoring and identifying panic attacks. 3. Learning cognitive restructuring techniques. 4. Exposure to feared situations or sensations. 5. Consolidation of skills for relapse prevention.