Chapter 3 HA

Plasma Memebrane

The outermost layer a barrier to the outside world selectively permeable

Nucleus

Largest structure encolsed by nucelar envelope contains DNA nuceloplasm

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm includes cytosol organelles and inclusions

cytosol

component of the cytoplasm which does not include the membrane bound organelles

Selective permeability

controls what enters our exist cell

Electrochemical gradient

electrical charge across membrane

Cell Communication

Receptors receive signal

cholesterol

provides stiffness and support to the plasma membrane

Glycolipids

Carbohydrate tagged phospholipid found on the exterior

glycoproteins

carbohydrate tagged proteins found on the exterior portion of the plasma membrane play a role in self recognition and contribtue to the extracelluar matrix

transport protein

moves small molecules across the cell memebrane

cell receptors

bind ligand chemicals and signal into the cell

ID Markers

Identify what the cell is and health status to other cell

Enzyme

act as biolgical catalysts to speed up chemical reactoins in living things

Anchors

anchor the protein to the cell membrane

Cell Adhesion

Specialized protiens on the surface of the cell that help attach to other cells

Simple diffusion

non-polar fatty acids that can cross from high to low concentration

faciliated diffusion

high to low concentrations with a membrane

Ion Channels

A tunnel through a membrane usually ver small and only large enough fro one ion to go through

Protien transporters

Carry molecules that don’t fit though channels binding of the molecules causes proteins to change shape

Increased molecular size of solute

decrease rate of diffusion

Increased temperature

increase rate of diffusion

Increased steepness of concentration gradient

increase rate of diffusion

Increased membrane surface area

Increase rate of diffusion

Increased membrane permeability

Increase rate of diffusion

Increased viscosity of solvent

decrease rate of diffusion

Osmosis

The natural movement of water through a thin barrier from high to low

Osmolarity

Measure of solute concentration

Tonicity

The osmolarity of the extracellular fluid can change the volume of cells

Active processes

The movement of solutes UP their concentration

Primary Active Transport

Uses ATP as a source of energy

Secondary Active Transport

Electrochemical gradient to transport solute

symport

molecules move in the same direction

Antiport

molecules move in opposite direction

Vesicular Active

uses vesicles to move molecules across membrane

Endocytosis

vesicles Move into the cell

Phagocytosis

The cell engulfs large solid particles like cell debris and project it outwards called pseudopodia to wrap around particles

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking gluids are taken into the cell via vesicles

Receptors-mediated

Ligans bind receptors which clathrin coated vesciles to form

Exocytosis

Direction vesciles move out of the cell

Channel-linked receptors

permit ion passage into or out of cells occurs in response to ligand biiding the chanel opens or closes

Enzymatic Receptors

Processes protein kinase actvity when active by ligand binding they phosphorylate other enzymes

G-protien linked receptors

ligands bind which then cause the release G-proteins which signal inside of cells