Lecture topic 21: When things go wrong with the respiratory system

What are the 3 types of causes of respiratory disease?

Obstruction / restriction / infection & inflammation

What % of the vital capacity is FEV1 (in a healthy person)?

80%

What is COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

State the key pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Narrowed airways / loss of elastic recoil / increase residual volume

What is an impact of narrowed airways due to COPD?

Increase airway resistance / decease FEV1

What are the main COPD conditions?

Chronic bronchitis / Emphyesma

Briefly what is chronic bronchitis?

inflammation of the bronchi / mucus hypersecretion

Briefly what is emphysema?

Destruction of elastic tissue → loss of recoil

What is the impact of ‘increase residual volume’ due to COPD?

Chester hyperinflation

What is the cause of acute bronchitis?

Bacteria / virus

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Smoking (80%) / environmental irritants

What is the treatment for chronic bronchitis?

Stop smoking / bronchodilators / antibiotics