Bio Macromolecules unit 2
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29 Terms
What are the four major macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
What is a monomer?
A small building-block molecule that joins with others to form a polymer.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made from many repeating monomers.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (simple sugars).
What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
Quick/short-term energy; some also provide fiber and structure.
What atoms are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon
What are the subunits of many lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids; lipids are not true polymers.
What are the main functions of lipids?
Long-term energy storage
What atoms are found in lipids?
Mainly C
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids.
What are the main functions of proteins?
Enzymes
What atoms are found in proteins?
Carbon
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides.
What are the main functions of nucleic acids?
Store
What atoms are found in nucleic acids?
Carbon
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
What is passive transport?
Movement across a membrane without cellular energy
What is active transport?
Movement across a membrane using cellular energy
What is a phospholipid?
A lipid with a phosphate head and fatty-acid tails that forms the cell membrane bilayer.
What happens in a hypotonic solution?
Water moves into the cell
What happens in a hypertonic solution?
Water moves out of the cell
What happens in an isotonic solution?
Water moves in and out at equal overall rates; there is no net water movement.
A cell is 60% water in a 20% water solution. What happens?
The outside is hypertonic
What was the Biosphere 2 experimental question?
How do lower temperature
What was the Biosphere 2 hypothesis?
The conditions will slow heart rate and breathing and cause oxygen-related adaptations.
What were the dependent variables in Biosphere 2?
Changes in heart rate
What were the independent variables in Biosphere 2?
Temperature