Gov Test Chapter 1-4

Interdependent World

Countries and communities rely on one another for goods, services, money, information, technology, and resources.

Interdependent World Example

A product might be designed in one country, have parts made in several other countries, and be assembled somewhere else.

Independent World

A country can function without relying heavily on other countries.

Sovereignty

A government's authority and control over its own territory and people.

Flat Tax

A tax where everyone pays the same percentage of their income, regardless of how much they earn.

Flat Tax Example

A tax where everyone pays the same percentage of their income, regardless of how much they earn.

Three Major Political Values

Order, Freedom, and Equality

Freedom

Meaning: People should have the ability to make their own choices without unnecessary government interference.

Examples of Freedom

Freedom of religion, speech, where to live, etc.

Order

Meaning: People should have the ability to make their own choices without unnecessary government interference.

Examples of Order

Police, laws, defense, etc.

Equality

People should have equal rights and opportunities and government may take action to reduce unfair disadvantages

Examples of Equality

Equal in education, civil rights, programs, etc.

Trade Off

More of something leads to less of the other - more order, less freedom

Globalization

Products are made through international cooperation

What is the importance of globalization

Connects countries

What does globalization effect?

Economics, jobs, trade, tech, culture, politics, communication, etc.

What is #1 purpose of the government

Maintain order and provide stability in society

Why is maintaining order important

Without rules, society would be unsafe and unstable

What is the #2 purpose of government

Provide public goods

What is #3 purpose of government

Promote equality

Examples of promoting equality

Public education, food programs, civil rights, protection, etc.

What is the conceptual framework of the government

making decisions

What is the original dilemma of the government

Freedom vs Order F

Freedom vs Order

To create more order, government may have to place limits on individual freedom

What is modern dilemma

Freedom vs Equality

What is freedom vs equality

To create more equality, you may have to give up some freedom

What do republicans choose in freedom vs order

Order - want more security, order, tradition, and individual responsibility

What does republicans choose in freedom vs equality

Freedom - Economic freedom, less government, private property, and market-based decisions

What do democrats choose in freedom over order

Freedom - want more individual freedom, civil liberties, and social change

What do democrats want in equality vs freedom

Equality - More emphasis on government programs and want social change

Libertarians

Want only freedom with limited government

Communitarian

want order and quality to four on community and common good

Totalitarianism

Government controls everything

Socialism

An economic/poltical system where government plays greater social and economic equality

What is communism

A theory that has a system based on common ownership of property and the means of production with a goal of creating an economically equal security

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership + markets M

Mixed Economy

An economy that combines capitalism features with government involvement

Libertarianism

An ideology that places strong emphasis on individual freedom and limited government

Anarchism

Belief that society can function without government

Wedge Issue

political issue that divides people into strong separate groups

Consensus

General agreement among people

Majoritarianism

Idea that majority of people have a final say in government decisions

Elitism

The idea that small groups of power or wealthy individuals have a large influence over government decisions

What makes the Constitution the “worst form” of government

Has flaws and problems, but the system was designed to create a workable government while protecting liberty and preventing too much power from being concentrated in one place

What does the Constitution create

A government that has enough power to govern, limit branch power, divides power among branches, divides state and national government, protect rights and allows the to be changed through amendments

What is the main idea of the constitution

Compromise between having enough government power to maintain order and limiting government power to protect freedom

What was founding fathers greatest fear

Tryanny - too much power being concentrated in one person or group

How did the founding fathers go against tyranny

Made safeguards of separation of powers, limited government, and Bill of Rights

Enlightenment

A period of intellectual though in which people increasing emphasized reason, individual rights liberty, and questioning traditional authority

What did Britain do to the colonists that created conflict

taxation, British control, lack of representation, limits of self government

When was the Declaration of Independence

1776

What did the Declaration of Independence declare

Seperation and stated why becoming independent

Reasons why to become independent

Rights, equality, liberty, government power, and that the government should protect rights

What is the constitution about

How the government works

What did the revolution do?

Did not immediately create equal political rights but rather started the idea of government

What was the first US Constitution

Articles of Confederation

When was the articles of confederation

1781 - 1789

What did the articles of confederation lead too?

Weak government and power to states

Why was the articles ineffective

lack of money, limit trade between states, no strong executive brach, no national court system, changes were difficult and states has a lot of power

What is Shays Rebellion

Farmers that almost took over the government

Where was the constitutional convention

Philadelphia 1787

What did they want to do at the convention

Wanted to revise articles but completely made a new constitution

Who is James Madison

Father of Constitution

Who is Benjamin Frankin

Respected elder and compromise

Who is George Washington

President of convention + first US president

What is the Virginia Plan

Three branch government based on population - favored large states

What is New Jersey Plan

Equal representation fro each state - small states liked it

What is great compromise

Created House of Representatives and senate

what is the house of representative based on

State population

How many senators for each state

2

what is three-fifths compromise?

constitution established a formula for counting enslaved people for purposes of representation and taxation

Electoral college

Constitution created a system for choosing president though electors

What is ratification

Official approval of the constitution - 9/13 states led to approve

What are the three key factors of ratification

Federalist arguments, federalist papers, promise of bill of rights

What is federalism

Speration of powers between state and federal government

What is checks and balances

Limits the power into three branches

What are the three branches of government

Legislative Excecutive and Judicial

What does the executive branch do?

Enforce laws

What does the legislative branch do?

Makes laws

What does the judicial branch do?

Courts

What is an amendment

Formal change or addition to the constitution

What is popular sovereignty

people are the source of government power

What are human rights

basic rights and freedoms people are entitled to

What is Bill of Rights

First ten amendments

What is the first amendment

Freedom of speech, religion, etc.

What is the second amendment?

Right to bear arms

What is the third amendment?

Illegal to quarter soldiers

What is fourth amendment

Illegal to search and seizure without a warrant

What is fifth amendment

Rights in criminal cases

What is sixth amendment

Have rights in a fair and speedy trial

What is the seventh amendment

Right to trial by jury

What is eighth amendment

Protected from cruel punishment

What is ninth amendment

May have rights that are not listed in the constituition

What is the tenth amendment

Power belongs to the people

What is republicanism

people have the power to elect their representatives

How does federalism impact your life

State: Police, education, roads

Federal: tax, defense, elections,

Both: taxes, laws, courts

What is dual federalism

A system of state and national government have separate area of responsibility

Cooperative Federalism

State and national governments work together

Coercive Federalism

National government uses laws, regulations, condition on federal funding to influence state policies