chem unit 3

wavelngth, speed of light, frequency equation

c= λv

energy frequency equation

E=hv

energy, speed of light, frequency equation

E=(hc)/λ

what is h

h is 6.626×10^-34

what is c

3×10^8

energy change between two levels

-2.178×10^-18 {(1/n²f)-(1/n²i)}J

hydrogen energy equation and when u use it

It is used to determine the energy level of an electron at one energy level

E= (2.178×10^-18)/n²

Enthalpy of reaction equation

Calorimetry equation

q=mc(delta)T

q= heat trasnferred

m= mass

c= specfic head

t= temp change

heat of the reaction when looking at solution

qreaction=-qsolution

If the solution warms up:

• The solution absorbs heat.

• The reaction releases heat.

• The reaction is exothermic.

If the solution cools down:

• The solution loses heat.

• The reaction absorbs heat.

• The reaction is endothermic.

wavelength frequency relationship, frequency energy relationship, wavelegth energy relationship

Wavelength increases frequency decrease (inverse)

frequency increase energy increase (linear)

wavelength increase energy decrease (inverse)

How to calc wavelength of the emitted light

λ =(hc)/(delta E)

four quantum numbers and what they do

Quantum number	Symbol	What it describes
Principal	n	Main energy level and approximate orbital size
Angular momentum	l	Subshell and orbital shape
Magnetic	ml	Orbital orientation
Spin	ms	Electron spin

n rules

must be positive integer (nothing - or decimal)

l rules

less than n (it can be 0 but not negative)

l sub shell

Subshell	\(l\) value	Allowed principal levels
s	0	n≥1
p	1	n≥2
d	2	n≥3
f	3	n≥4

ml rules

-l to +l including zero

ms rules

-1/2 and +1/2

electron capacity

Subshell	Number of orbitals	Maximum electrons
s	1	2
p	3	6
d	5	10
f	7	14

shapes of each subshell orbital

s- sphere

p= dumbell

d=4 leaf clover

knowing the electron configuration