HUSH Theme 1 Test

When did the first people arrive in NA from Asia

15000-17000 years ago

Bering Land Bridge Theroy

humans were able to walked acrooss a land bridge fromasia to alaska due to low water levels

Oral Tradition

verbal methods of passing down tribes cultural beliefs

which europeaen disease was msot deadlist in killing native ameircans

small pox

issues hitorians and archeolgial have in undersand native ameiran hsitory

many use oral tradion not record keeping; decomposable bulding materials; inttentionally/unintentionally destoyed artifacts record builds etc

what can we rely on to find out the age of things

carbon 14 dating -- very broad

dominat native groups when euros arrived

iroquois, algonquian, sioux, aztec(mexica), and inca

Iroquois Confederacy

15th c. - present; newyork area, matriarchal society; long houses; agriculture; powerful millitary/police alliance; enimies with algonquin

Algonquian

15th c. -present; canada, great lakes, newendland, east coast US. "first contact" with english; agriculture; enimies with Iroquois

Sioux

14th c. -- present; greatplains USA; horseback buffalo hunting; feirce anti US resistance

Major sioux tribes

Dakota, Lakota, Oglala

Aztec empire (mexica)

14th c. - 1521(empire defeated); central mexico; pol. and mil. alliance; monumental stone architecture; glyphic writing

Inca empire

13th c. -1572(empiredefeated); andean south america; monumental stone architechture; knot based record keeping(quippu)

Age of exploration

from 1400s-1600s, european nations explored the world--why: god, gold, and glory

God

to spread their religon and or mind places to practice their faith w/o interfearance

Gold

to make money either thru mining of gold and silver or by finding resources that could be sold for profit

Glory

explorers could become famous by discovering new routes or resouces and claiming "new" lands for their "mother country"

how did the disconvery of tjhe new world effects the new and old worlds

euro colonization of the new world was largely beneficial to europe but distastouous for indigeous americans and africans

columbian exchange

the large scale movement of plants animals and disease between the old and new world

How did New World plants affect the European diet?

They resulted in an improved diet, leading to longer life expectancy.

What impact did New World gold and silver have on European nations?

They made European nations wealthy.

How did New World raw resources affect manufacturing in Europe?

They enabled increased manufacturing.

What was one consequence of the death of the New World population?

It led to the transatlantic slave trade by way of the Middle Passage.

What percentage of the New World population was killed by Old World diseases?

95%

Which two civilizations were conquered and subjugated by Spain?

Aztec and Inca

What actions did Europeans take towards the New World population?

Enslaved and displaced them

How did the introduction of horses affect New World populations?

It changed their lifestyle

What religion did Europeans and the RCC impose on the New World?

Christianity

What was largely destroyed due to the imposition of Christianity in the New World?

Indigenous religion

trans atlantic slave trade

The Transatlantic Slave Trade was the forced transportation and enslavement of millions of Africans to the Americas. It lasted from the 1500s to the 1800s and had major effects on Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

midddle passage

The Middle Passage was the journey across the Atlantic Ocean that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas. The ships were overcrowded and unsafe, and many enslaved people died during the journey.

diffeernce b/t middle apssage and Trasatlancitc

Transatlantic Slave Trade = the entire system of capturing, selling, transporting, and enslaving Africans across the Atlantic.

Middle Passage = specifically the ocean journey from Africa to the Americas within that larger trade.

protestant reformation

(16th centuey) started by martin luther, led to the creation of new sects of christanity in europe

Martin Luther

He was the main figure behind the Protestant Reformation, a movement that changed Western Christianity.

what differnt sects/denomination came to the NW

puritans/pillgrams, Quakerism, Catholicism, Anglicanism

waht was englands state religion

Anglicanism-- others were persecuted

puritians/pillgrims

new england--william bradford

quakers

pennsylvania-- william penn

catholics

maryland

who is john winthrop

governor/led MBC along with wiliam bradford; Puritan; motivated by religious freedom

lord baltimore

associated with maryland/helped with MBC driven by religion

john smith

Associated with Jamestown, driven by cash crop agriculture

mayflower compact

First Euro written form of Gov. in NA

roger williams

radical minister who called for separation of chruch and state. religoius toleration. fair dealing w/ native americans. exiled from MBC, estb. rhole island 1636

anne hutchinson

believed anyone (including women) could interpret the Bible, not just ministers. Arrested, tried, convicted and exiled. Killed by native americans

mary dyer

convert to quakerism. Arrested, tried, and exiled from MBC, retuend to MBC to be with other quakers, hanged by MBC 1660

toleration act

protected right of chrsitans to practice freely

jamestown (VA)

1607 first permanant english settlement led by john smith; 1619 first enslaved africans

cash crop agriculture

farm products grown to be sold for profit; dominant: first tobacoo then cottom

what was mercantilism

an economic system used by European nations from the 16th to the 18th century that aimed to build state power by maximizing exports and hoarding precious metals

What is the goal of mercantilism?

Accumulate gold/silver

How does mercantilism aim to establish a favorable balance of trade?

By exporting finished goods

What does the mother country do in a mercantilist system?

Develops industry to create finished products

What problem does the mother country face in mercantilism?

It needs more raw materials.

What solution does mercantilism propose to acquire raw materials?

Creates colonies in regions rich in natural resources.

What restriction is placed on colonies under mercantilism?

They are banned from trading with other countries.

POV, Purpose, Evidence

POV:author's personal stance, opinion, or attitude toward a topic.

Purpose:reason why the author wrote the text.

Evidence:The facts, statistics, examples, or expert quotes the author uses to back up their claims and prove their point

characteristics of authoritative secondary sources

written by: academic, professor, reseacher etc

gone thru:peer review

featured in: established periodicals-retractions

What are some author-related red flags of secondary sources?

Author has no credentials, lack of professionalism, unidentified/fiable.

What are some content-related red flags of secondary sources?

Consistent grammatical errors, unprofessionally biased, prejudicial, lack of sources/citation.

What are some vehicle-related red flags of secondary sources?

Social media, off topic, lots of ads/popups, constantly trying to get you to buy something.