ENGLISH SUMTEST 1

Informational Text

Non-fiction writing that informs, educates, and even persuades by providing facts, descriptions, statistics, and images to clarify the topic.

Sources of Informational Text

Magazines, textbooks, encyclopedias, reports, glossaries, biographies, travel guides, manuals, etc.

Persuasive Text

A type of informational text that uses factual evidence to persuade or convince readers to believe the writer (e.g., Advertising).

Supporting Evidence

Facts, examples, expert opinions, and anecdotes used to prove, explain, or support a claim or main idea.

4 Types of Supporting Evidence

Facts and statistics, Examples and illustrations, Expert testimony or opinion, and Anecdotes/Personal experiences.

Facts and Statistics

Data, numbers, or verified information used as evidence to support a claim.

Examples and Illustrations

Specific cases used to explain or prove an idea (e.g., "For instance, Baguio City's zero-waste program reduced garbage by 40% within 2 years.").

Expert Testimony or Opinion

Statements, explanations, or conclusions provided by professional experience related to a topic (e.g., "Dr. Reyes, a nutritionist, explains that a balanced diet helps strengthen the immune system…").

Anecdotes and Personal Experiences

Short stories or first-hand accounts describing something a person experienced (e.g., "My grandmother, who lived through martial law, often recalls the fear of nightly curfews…").

RACER Framework

A method used to analyze and evaluate supporting evidence.

R in RACER

Relevance

A in RACER

Accuracy

C in RACER

Credibility

E in RACER

Enough (Sufficiency)

R (second) in RACER

Recency

Relevance (RACER)

Does the evidence directly support the claim?

Accuracy (RACER)

Is the information correct and verifiable through sources?

Credibility (RACER)

Is the source qualified and free from obvious bias?

Enough / Sufficiency (RACER)

Is there adequate evidence, or is the claim a weak example?

Recency (RACER)

Is the evidence current or outdated?