Reciprocating (Piston) Engine

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20 Terms

1
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True or false: “Reciprocating engine is the first type of engine used by an airplane”

True!

2
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What is the “reciprocating engine”? How does it work? (Hints: suck-squeeze-bang-blow)

  • “Piston engine”, “heat engine”, “internal-combustion engine”

  • Fuel mixture is burned within the engine by converting up-down motion to rotating motion


<ul><li><p>“Piston engine”, “heat engine”, “internal-combustion engine”</p></li><li><p>Fuel mixture is burned within the engine by converting up-down motion to rotating motion</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What are the 7 components of internal-combustion engine? (Hints: EISVPRC)

E = Exhaust camshaft

I = Intake camshaft

S = Spark plug

V = Valves

P = Piston

CR = Connecting Rod

C = Crankshaft

<p>E = Exhaust camshaft</p><p>I = Intake camshaft</p><p>S = Spark plug</p><p>V = Valves</p><p>P = Piston</p><p>CR = Connecting Rod</p><p>C = Crankshaft</p>
4
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<p>From the diagram, fill out components of piston engine</p>

From the diagram, fill out components of piston engine

Check your answer!

<p>Check your answer!</p>
5
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Describe the “cylinder”

  • A central working part where the piston moves up and down and where the combustion (burning) takes place.


<ul><li><p>A central working part where the piston moves up and down and where the combustion (burning) takes place.</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Describe the “cylinder head”

  • “Head”

  • Top part of the cylinder

  • Houses the valves and the spark plugs


<ul><li><p>“Head”</p></li><li><p>Top part of the cylinder</p></li><li><p>Houses the valves and the spark plugs</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Describe the “valves”. How many types of valves are there?

  • Operated by camshaft

  • There are 2 types: inlet/intake valve and exhaust valve


<ul><li><p>Operated by camshaft</p></li><li><p>There are 2 types: inlet/intake valve and exhaust valve</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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What is the function of “intake valve”?

  • opens at a proper moment to allow the fuel-air mixture to be sucked into the cylinder.


<ul><li><p>opens at a proper moment to allow the fuel-air mixture to be sucked into the cylinder.</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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What is the function of “exhaust valve”?

  • Release burned gas (after burning gas) from the cylinder to the exhaust manifold.


<ul><li><p>Release burned gas (after burning gas) from the cylinder to the exhaust manifold.</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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What is the function of “camshaft”?

  • Control the opening and closing of the valves through pushrods


<ul><li><p>Control the opening and closing of the valves through pushrods</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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What is the function of “piston”?

  • Performs the up-down reciprocating motion inside the cylinder by transferring force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via the connecting rod.


<ul><li><p>Performs the up-down reciprocating motion inside the cylinder by transferring force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via the connecting rod.</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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What is the function of the “connecting rod”?

  • Connect the piston to the crankshaft which helps converting linear up-down movement into a rotating motion.


<ul><li><p>Connect the piston to the crankshaft which helps converting linear up-down movement into a rotating motion.</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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What is the function of the “crankshaft”?

  • Convert reciprocating motion to circular motion

  • Located in crankcase

  • Attached to the propeller.


<ul><li><p>Convert reciprocating motion to circular motion</p></li><li><p>Located in crankcase</p></li><li><p>Attached to the propeller.</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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What is the function of the “crankcase”?

  • The main body of the aircraft engine

  • Houses the crankshaft and camshafts

  • Attached to the cylinder


<ul><li><p>The main body of the aircraft engine</p></li><li><p>Houses the crankshaft and camshafts</p></li><li><p>Attached to the cylinder</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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What is the function of a “spark plug”?

  • Delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber.

  • Ignite the compressed fuel-air mixture


<ul><li><p>Delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber.</p></li><li><p>Ignite the compressed fuel-air mixture</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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What are the 4 strokes principle of piston engine? (Hints: ICPE)

  1. Intake stroke

  2. Compression/Ignition stroke

  3. Power stroke

  4. Exhaust stroke


<ol><li><p>Intake stroke</p></li><li><p>Compression/Ignition stroke</p></li><li><p>Power stroke</p></li><li><p>Exhaust stroke </p></li></ol><p></p>
17
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What are the 3 things needed for combustion?

  • Air

  • Spark/electric current

  • Fuel


<ul><li><p>Air</p></li><li><p>Spark/electric current</p></li><li><p>Fuel</p></li></ul><p></p>
18
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<p>What is the function of a “carburetor”?</p>

What is the function of a “carburetor”?

  • A mechanical device that mix a proper amount of air and fuel together to produce a highly combustible mixture.


<ul><li><p>A mechanical device that mix a proper amount of air and fuel together to produce a highly combustible mixture.</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
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<p>What is the function of a “magneto”?</p>

What is the function of a “magneto”?

  • Produce alternating electric current by using permanent magnets to provide power to the spark plug.


<ul><li><p>Produce alternating electric current by using permanent magnets to provide power to the spark plug.</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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True or false: “Fuel and oil are the same”

False!

(Fuel is the energy source use for powering an airplane, while oil is a lubricant that reduces friction between the moving parts of the engine)