Quiz #4 Arthritic + Musculoskeletal Pain

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

swan neck

hyperextension of PIP and flexion of DIP

boutonniere deformity

flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP joint

ulnar drift

fingers deviate toward the ulnar side, or little-finger side of hand, often associated with RA affecting the MCP joints, may impair grasp, pinch, and manipulation of objects

gout

Inflammatory arthritis caused by urate crystals accumulating in joints.

hyperuricemia

Elevated uric acid in the blood; it can contribute to gout but does not always cause it.

systemic lupus erythematosus

Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and body systems.

Possible symptoms: joint pain, fatigue, photosensitivity, and a characteristic butterfly (malar) rash across the cheeks and bridge of the nose.

Symptoms can flare and go into remission.

butterfly rash

SLE

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

common sites of osteoarthritis

Knees, hips, hands, and spine

crepitus

a crackling or grating sound usually of bones

arthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint

two factors that determine if a fracture occurs

1. the amount of force applied to the bone

2. the strength or toughness of the bone

pathological fracture

break in a bone weakened by some other disease

osteopenia

Lower-than-normal bone mineral density, but not as severe as osteoporosis

heterotopic ossification

the presence of bone in soft tissue where bone normally does not exist

Eccymosis

Discoloration from blood leaking into tissues; essentially a bruise

closed fracture

broken bone with no open wound

open (compound) fracture

broken bone penetrates through the skin, the fracture communicates with an open wound

comminuted fracture

bone breaks into three or more pieces

greenstick fracture

an incomplete fracture in which one side of the bone breaks while the other bends, more common in children

ORIF

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (orthopedic surgery)

myofacial pain syndrome

regional or located muscle pain associated with trigger points, trigger points are sensitive spots in taut band of skeletal muscle, pressing a trigger point may reduce pain locally or refer pain elsewhere

fibromyalgia syndrome

chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain, common signs include fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive difficulties, and increased sensitivity to pain

fibromyalgia signs and symptoms

Constant, dull muscle ache, tender points or sites where firm pressure causes an increase in pain, exhaustion, SLE, osteoarthritis, post-traumatic stress disorder, restless leg syndrome, depression

lumbar radiculopathy

nerve pain in the lower back caused by muscle spasms or by nerve root irritation from the compression of vertebral disks such as a herniated disk

herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disc)

the intervertebral disc's inner material protrudes through its outer portion, may irritate or compress nearby nerves

spondylolisthesis

one vertebra slips forward relative to the vertebra below it, may cause back pain or nerve symptoms

spondylosis

degenerative changes of the spine, including disc wear and bone spurs, age-related, degeneration,

facet joint syndrome

pain arising from small joints at the back of the vertebrae may worsen with spinal extension or twisting

spinal stenosis

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots, waling symptoms may improve with flexion

muscles of rotator cuff

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

medial epicondylitis

golfer's elbow, tendon overuse involving the medial (inner) side of the elbow, associated with wrist flexion and forearm pronation, pain on the inner elbow

lateral epicondylitis

tendon overuse involving the medial (inner) side of the elbow, associated with wrist flexion and forearm pronation, pain in the inner elbow

olecranon bursitis

inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, visible localized swelling over the bony tip of the elbow

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A region of bone and its overlying cartilage becomes damaged, potentially destabilizing or separating a fragment. in the elbow, it commonly affects the capitelllum

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve at the wrist, numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and thumb-side half of the ring finger

De Quevain's Tenosynovitis

irritation of the tendons and tendon sheaths on the thumb side of the wrist, pain near the base of the thumb that worsens with gripping, lifting, or thumb movement