Pharmacology I: Mucosal Protective Agents

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering core topics on mucosal protective agents (sucralfate, misoprostol, bismuth subsalicylate) from PHA341 Pharmacology I.

Gastroduodenal Mucosal Barrier

A physiological protective system consisting of a mucus layer and epithelial tight junctions that limits the back-diffusion of acid and pepsin into tissue.

Restitution

The rapid migration of epithelial cells across a damaged mucosal surface to seal small erosions as part of gastroduodenal repair.

Sucralfate (CARAFATE)

A sucrose sulfate-aluminum complex salt that forms a negatively charged polyanion gel in acidic environments, binding positively charged proteins in ulcer beds for up to $\text{∼}6\,h$ to create a physical barrier against acid and pepsin.

Misoprostol (CYTOTEC)

A synthetic prostaglandin $E_1$ ($\text{PGE}_1$) analog that provides mucosal protection and acid inhibition by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion and enhancing mucosal blood flow.

Bismuth Subsalicylate (PEPTO-BISMOL)

An over-the-counter agent that dissociates in the stomach into salicylate and bismuth, acting to coat ulcers, stimulate protective mucosal factors, lower stool frequency in diarrhea, and inhibit H. pylori.

Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium

A prescription bismuth salt formulation combined with metronidazole and tetracycline used as part of bismuth quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication.

Bismuth Encephalopathy

A rare neurotoxic complication characterized by ataxia, confusion, and seizures resulting from long-standing or prolonged use of bismuth-containing agents.

Stress-Related Bleeding Prophylaxis

An ICU clinical indication where sucralfate slurry is administered via an NG tube to protect against mucosal bleeding, serving as an option when avoiding pneumonia risk associated with acid suppressants is desired.

Gastric Prostaglandins

Endogenous signaling molecules (such as $\text{PGE}_1$ and $\text{PGE}_2$) that stimulate mucus and bicarbonate secretion, maintain mucosal blood flow, and support tissue repair.

Bismuth Quadruple Therapy

An H. pylori eradication regimen consisting of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline, effective against antibiotic-resistant strains.

Black Stools and Dark Tongue

Harmless, temporary side effects resulting from oral bismuth administration due to bismuth sulfide formation, which can visually mimic melena.