Anatomy and Physiology Lab 2

Epithelial and Connective Tissues.

Simple (S)

One layer of cells

Stratified (St)

Multiple layers of cells. (protection of underlying tissue)

Pseudostratified. (PSt)

One layer. (appears to be two or more)

Squamous. (S)

Flat

Cuboidal. (Cu)

Shaped like a cube

Columnar. (Co)

Shaped like a column

Transitional (T)

Cells that change their shape. (often they're dome shaped and they may flatten out)

Cilia

longer hairlike projections that help to propel substances along the apical surface in one direction.

Apical surface

Upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ. (faces the lumen)

Basal surface

The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane.

Microvilli

They increase surface area.

Keratinization

Cells are filled with keratin and strengthens the tissue. (armor)

Goblet cells

Secretes mucin

Mucin

Combines with water to create mucus.

Mucus

Helps with lubrication and the transportation of substances.

SSE

Found in lungs and blood vessels. (allows things to pass through)

SCuE

Found in Kidneys, ovaries, and ducts.

SCoE with microvilli

Found in small intestine. (absorption)

Ciliated SCoE

Found in oviduct/uterine tube.

StSE - non-keritinized

Found in esophagus, vagina and anal canal.

StSE - keritinized

Found in skin.

Ciliated PStCoE

Found in trachea.

Lumen

Hollow interior of a cavity.

TE

Found in the bladder; Has multiple layers. (Tissue relaxes and distends.)

Fibro-

Fiber

Chondro-

Cartilage

Osteo-

Bone

-Blast

Build

-Cyte

Maintain

-Clast

Breakdown

Collagen

Thick, unbranched fibers, strong and resistant to stretching in one direction. (highlighter)

Elastic

Branched fibers containing elastin and are able to stretch and recoil. (pen)

Reticular

Highly branched; form a supporting network.

Embryonic Connective Tissue. (EmCon)

Mesenchymal cells; found in embryo and fetus. (where all other Con. tissue cells originate)

Areolar (loose) Connective Tissue. (ArLCon)

Binds skin and muscle together. (collagen, elastic fibers, and fibroblast nuclei)

Adipose Connective Tissue. (AdCon)

Stores energy, cushions, and insulates; in sub-q layer. Contains adipocytes. (big empty spaces; fat cells)

Reticular Connective Tissue. (RCon)

Found in walls of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; composed of reticular fibers and provides a supportive framework.

Dense Regular Connective Tissue. (DRCon)

Found in tendons and ligaments; stabilizes joints. (bacon)

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue. (DIrCon)

Found in dermis of skin; resists tensile forces applied in one direction. (cotton candy)

Elastic Connective Tissue. (ECon)

Found in Trachea, vocal cords, and elastic arteries; allows for stretching and recoiling.

Hyaline Cartilage. (HCart)

Found in tip of nose, fetal skeleton, rings of trachea, and articular ends of long bones. Supports and protects by resisting compression and it provides framework. (bubble tea)

Fibrocartilage.

Found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of the knee joint; weight-bearing cartilage, effective at resisting compression, shock absorber in some joints. (blue)

Elastic Cartilage. (ECart)

Found in external ear and epiglottis. Maintains shape and provides a flexible framework for support. (very dark color)

Compact Bone. (GCB)

Found in Skeleton; provides a strong, rigid framework, supports and protects the organs, attachment point for muscles.

Fluid Connective Tissue. (FCon)

Blood. (closed system of blood vessels and heart). Transports gasses, nutrients, and waste. (contains leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.)

Osteocytes within lacuna.

Small black spots on bone.

Central canal.

Middle circle on bone.

Osteon.

Whole structure on bone.

Canaliculi.

Little black lines on bone. (connect osteocytes)

Lamella.

Light part on bone.

Mucous Connective Tissue.

Found in umbilical cord.

SSE

SSE

TE

StSE

StSE

SCuE

SCoE with microvilli

Ciliated SCoE

Ciliated PStCoE

RCon

HCart

HCart

Compact Bone

FCon

EmCon

ECon

ECart

DRCon

DIrCon

DIrCon

Areolar Con

Areolar Con

AdCon