Infection and Infectious diseases

Whats a Host?

Organism being taken advantage of (Us)

What is Infection/colonization

replication process

What is Microflora

naturally occurring microrganism (help us protect)

What is commensalism

microorganism benefits by living inside human host, while host is neither helped nor harmed

What is Mutualism

a symbiotic relationship between a human host and a microorganism where both species benefit

What is parasitic

organism is benefiting from host but host is harmed

what is an infectious disease

an illness caused by harmful germs, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, that enter and multiply inside the body

What is Virulence

disease producing ability

What are pathogens

Microorganism that causes disease or sickness

What are saprophytes

any organism that benefits from something dead (fungus, mold)

What are opportunistic pathogens

germs that do not make healthy people sick, but they attack when the body's defenses are weak

What are characteristics of Prions

Small, modified, infections proteins

abnormally shaped versions

Cause degenerative diseases in central nervous system

causes neuron death dementia

Ex: Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (humans) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (cows)

What are characteristics of Viruses

need a host to replicate

protein coat surrounding nucleic acid core

Host cell’s normal metabolic activity makes new viruses

What bacteria is this

Cocci

What bacteria is this

Rods

What bacteria is this

Spiririlla

What are the characteristics of Bacteria

Like warm, dark and moist environments

Contain RNA/DNA

No nucleus

needs host to survive and replicate

produce biofilms

described by: morphological appearance, oxygen dependence, staining

What are bacteria like Mycoplasmas

smaller than bacteria

no defined cell walls= resistance

what are the 2 types of Mycoplasmas

Rickettsiacaea and Chlamydiacae

both have bacterial and viral characteristics

contain RNA/DNA and have cell walls

mycoplasmic pnemonia

What are characteristics of Fungi

Has cell walls, but different from bacteria

most require much cooler temperature than normal core body temp (skin and nails)

Two categories: Yeasts (smooth/waxy) and molds (powdery substance)

What are the 3 main types of parasites

Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropods

What are Protozoa

Unicellular (single cell), complete cellular components and nucleus (feeds on organic matter)

malaria, ambic dysentery, giardiasis

What are Helminths

wormlike parasites, depend on and reproduce (eggs) in host

they are macroparasites (can see them) and impacts GI tract

roundworms and tapeworms

What are Arthropods

include vectors of infectious disease (ticks, mosquitos, flies and ectoparasites, infects by direct contact or eggs on host (maggots, mites, lice, fleas) infects host by laying eggs

In mechanisms of transmission what are the portals of entry

penetration

direct contact

Ingestion

Inhalation

In mechanisms of transmission what are the Virulence Factors

Toxins

adhesion factors

Evasion factors

Invasion factors

How are Bacterial infections diagnosed

gram stain or Culture and sensitivity (grow)

What is an antibody Titers

measures antibodies

What is the primary prevention of infectious diseases

Immunization

Quarantine

Hand Hygiene

What is an Eradicate Pathogen

Eliminate before reaching host

What do antibiotics do

Inhibit cell wall, protein, nucleic acid synthesis

what do antivirals do

inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis

Inhibit binding to cells

What do antifungals do

bind to form cell membrane holes

inhibit synthesis

What is the incubation period

Time between infection and the first symptoms

What is the prodromal period

early vague symptoms begin ex: fatigue, weakness, mild fever

What is the acute phase

symptoms become most sever/specific

what is the convalescent phase

recovery period; symptoms decrease eventually reaches resolution (no symptoms present)

What is the clinical threshold

point at which symptoms become noticeable/clinically apparent

What is subclinical disease

when the person has an infection/disease process but does not have noticeable clinical manifestations

What is the Progression of disease

Infection-Incubation-Prodromal-Acute-Convalescent-Resolution