Self-Knowledge, Emotions, and Values in Society

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering self-knowledge, emotional responses, value systems, typologies of values, and pillars for healthy social coexistence.

Self-Knowledge (Auto-conhecimento)

The process of understanding who we are, what we feel, what we think, and how we act, which is especially important during adolescence as identity is discovered.

Self-Image (Auto-imagem)

The way an individual sees themselves both physically and psychologically.

Self-Esteem (Auto-estima)

The value and worth that an individual attributes to themselves.

Self-Acceptance (Auto-aceitação)

The capacity to recognize who we are with our qualities, defects, and limitations without judging ourselves severely; it serves as the first step toward developing healthy self-esteem and building positive relationships with others.

Emotions (Emoções)

Physiological and psychological reactions experienced in specific situations that are fundamental for human development, survival, and well-being, becoming more intense during adolescence due to hormonal, physical, and social changes.

Joy (Alegria)

Sensations of well-being, happiness, and satisfaction.

Sadness (Tristeza)

A feeling of loss, discouragement, or disappointment.

Anger (Raiva)

A reaction triggered by frustration, injustice, or contrariety and opposition.

Fear (Medo)

A response to situations perceived as threatening.

Calm (Calma)

A state of tranquility and emotional balance.

Surprise (Surpresa)

A reaction experienced in the face of the unexpected or new.

Values (Valores)

The set of principles, beliefs, and norms that guide human behavior, functioning as a moral compass that helps an individual distinguish right from wrong, just from unjust, and important from superfluous.

Personal / Individual Values (Valores individuais)

Individual convictions and principles that guide a person's decisions and behaviors, acquired through family upbringing, life experiences, and personal reflection (such as honesty, self-love, and ambition).

Values of Others / Collective Values (Valores do outro / Valores sociais, colectivos)

Norms and principles shared by a group, community, or culture different from our own, such as local traditions, community rules, and other people's religious beliefs.

Moral / Ethical Values (Valores Morais / Éticos)

Principles that guide good conduct and behavior in society, including honesty, respect, justice, solidarity, and responsibility.

Civic Values (Valores Cívicos)

Values linked to the duties and rights of the citizen before the state and community, such as patriotism, compliance with laws, voting, and the preservation of public property.

Cultural / Social Values (Valores Culturais / Sociais)

Values inherited from the traditions and customs of a people, such as respect for elders (very strong in the African context), traditional rituals, and gastronomy.

Ubuntu

A traditional concept that exemplifies community solidarity within cultural and social values.

Religious / Spiritual Values (Valores religiosos / espirituais)

Values related to faith, transcendence, and connection with the sacred, including faith, charity, compassion, and forgiveness.

Aesthetic Values (Valores estéticos)

Values linked to the perception of what is beautiful in art and nature.

Subjectivity and Objectivity of Values

A characteristic of values stating that while they depend on individual perception, many values are universal (such as justice).

Dynamism of Values (Dinamismo)

A characteristic of values indicating that they can change and transform over time alongside the evolution of society.

Hierarchy of Values (Hierarquia)

The organization and ranking of values in an order of importance by each person or society.

Challenge of Coexistence (Desafio da convivência)

The social requirement to accept that our values are neither the only ones nor necessarily the best, recognizing that conflict arises when we attempt to impose our values on others or disrespect differences.

Tolerance (Tolerância)

A pillar of healthy coexistence that involves admitting and accepting ways of thinking and acting that differ from our own.

Empathy (Empatia)

A pillar of healthy coexistence defined as putting oneself in another person's place to understand their motivations and values.

Dialogue (Diálogo)

The primary tool for resolving cultural or generational clashes (such as between youth and adults).

Respect for Others (Respeito pelos outros)

A mutual dynamic that begins with self-respect; when individuals accept and value themselves, they become capable of respecting others.