Unit 5.2 test study guide

Great Depression in Europe

Severe economic downturn in Europe during the 1930s.

Nationalism (In terms of Unit 7)

Loyalty and devotion to one's nation.

Social Darwinism

Applying Darwin's theories to society, often justifying racism and inequality.

Fascism (14 Characteristics)

Authoritarian nationalist ideology.

Cronyism

Favoritism shown to friends or associates.

Benito Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator.

“Blackshirts”

Mussolini's paramilitary supporters.

Mussolini’s “Emergency Powers”

Decree powers granted to Mussolini.

The Lateran Agreement

Pact between Mussolini's Italy and the Vatican.

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator.

National Socialist German Workers' Party

Nazi Party.

Anti Semitism

Hatred or prejudice against Jews.

The “Stab in the Back” Theory

Blaming Jews for Germany's World War I defeat.

Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler's failed coup attempt in 1923.

Weimar Republic

Post-World War I democratic government in Germany.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's autobiographical manifesto.

Lebensraum

Nazi idea of "living space" for Germans.

Hitler Youth

Nazi youth organization.

Enabling Act

Legislation granting Hitler dictatorial powers.

Gestapo

Nazi secret police.

Eugenics

Pseudoscience promoting "racial purity".

1935 Nuremberg Laws

Nazi laws stripping Jews of rights.

Autobahn

German highway system.

“Kristallnacht”

Night of Broken Glass, anti-Jewish pogrom.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict in Spain (1936-1939).

Joseph Goebbels

Nazi propaganda minister.

Heinrich Himmler

SS leader and Nazi official.

1938 Munich Conference

Appeasement meeting.

Nanjing Massacre

Mass killing by Japanese troops in China.

“Sitzkrieg” vs

Phoney War vs. lightning warfare.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack on US naval base.

Allies vs

WWII opposing coalitions.

European Theater

WWII military operations in Europe.

Pacific Theater

WWII military operations in the Pacific.

Island Hopping

Allied strategy in the Pacific.

Gen

WWII Allied commander.

Stalingrad

WWII battle in Russia.

D-Day

Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944.

Battle of the Bulge

Major WWII battle in Belgium.

VE Day

Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945.

Yalta Conference

WWII meeting of Allied leaders.

Potsdam Conference/Declaration

Post-WWII meeting and declaration.

V-J Day

Victory over Japan Day, September 2, 1945.

Holocaust

Genocide of six million Jews by Nazis.

United Nations

Intergovernmental organization formed after WWII.

Nuremberg Trials

Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes.

“Einsatzgruppen”

Nazi mobile killing units.

Ghettos

Segregated areas for Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe.

Concentration Camps

Nazi detention centers for political prisoners.

“Final Solution”

Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews.