BIO210 Unit 3 adaptive textbook questions

In the bicarbonate buffer system, carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood reacts with water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). Carbonic acid immediately breaks down into bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-) and hydrogen ion (H⁺). This reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, which must be bound to zinc ion (Zn²⁺) to function. What is the cofactor in this reaction?

d. zinc ion (Zn²⁺)

Kamari has just been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which of the following foods might he want to increase in his diet?

a. Meat

What is the best definition of a calorie (c)?

d. The amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

You have just eaten a big meal with friends and are currently watching a movie. Which of the following events is likely occurring in your body during the movie?

b. Glycogenesis

Which of the following is an anabolic reaction?

c. ADP + Pi → ATP

Which of the following scenarios would most likely cause an increase in nitrogenous waste within the body?

c. Excess dietary protein intake

When would you expect glucagon levels to be highest?

c. During fasting or starvation

When would lipolysis most likely occur?

b. During the postabsorptive state

Which of the following macromolecules can be broken down to provide energy for the body?

b. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

________ state occurs immediately after a meal, during digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.

c. The absorptive

Which of these events generates the most ATP per glucose molecule?

b. Electron transport chain

What brain structure is highly involved in thermoregulation?

a. Hypothalamus

Which of the following would most likely cause a decrease in metabolic rate?

c. Sleeping

Which of the following organ systems can generate heat to increase body temperature through shivering?

b. Muscular system

What are the amino acids that can only be obtained from the diet?

d. Essential nutrients

Which of the following would be most calorie dense?

a. 100 grams of olive oil

Which of the following statements best illustrates the importance of thermoregulation?

a. Hydrogen bonds within proteins can be destroyed when body temperature is higher than normal.

When would you expect insulin levels to be highest?

b. After eating several cookies

Which of the following is the best definition for basal metabolic rate?

d. The amount of energy expended to keep the body functioning while an individual is resting, yet not eating.

How can basal metabolic rate of a patient be measured?

d. In the postabsorptive state

Which of the following is a true statement about the Krebs cycle?

a. It produces one molecule of FADH₂ from FAD.

Deamination is best defined as which of the following?

a. The conversion of amino acid amine groups to ammonia

Which of the following individuals would most likely have the highest basal metabolic rate?

b. A 22-year-old person who is training for the Olympics.

Which of the following is a true statement about glycolysis?

d. Oxygen is not required for glycolysis to proceed.

When would ketones most likely be produced?

c. During times of fasting

______ is the difference between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended by the body.

d. Metabolic rate

What molecule is the cell's greatest energy source?

a. ATP

which of the following hormonal signals would increase appetite?

a. Increased levels of ghrelin and decreased stretch in the stomach.

You play soccer outside on a hot day. Which of the following organ systems activate to help you maintain body temperature within your homeostatic range?

c. Integumentary

What happens to the ammonium ion produced by transamination during protein metabolism?

c. It enters the urea cycle.

which of the following statements is true of redox reactions?

d. The molecule that gains an electron gains energy.

You have just finished eating a large meal of pasta with friends. Which of the following is a true statement about the reactions in your body?

d. Insulin levels in the blood are high.

Which trace element helps maintain thyroid function?

a. Iodine

Production of glucose by the liver and kidneys is known as which of the following?

c. Gluconeogenesis

An athlete just completed a marathon. Which of the following processes most likely occurred in their body during the marathon?

b. Lipolysis and gluconeogenesis

Which is an effect of glucagon secretion?

a. An increase in glycogenolysis

How many phosphate groups does a molecule of ATP have?

c. Three

What happens to pyruvate in anaerobic conditions?

b. It converts into lactate molecules.

Which of the following statements is true of the absorptive state?

a. During the absorptive state, food is present in the lumen of the GI tract.

Which molecule binds to hydrogen atoms released during glycolysis?

a. NAD+

Deficiency of which vitamin can be associated with night blindness?

a. Vitamin A

Body temperature is regulated through a process known as which of the following terms?

d. Thermoregulation

Which of the following is a true statement about the postabsorptive state?

d. Release of glucagon increases.

___ are substances that initially bind to enzymes to activate them.

c. Cofactors

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

b. C

Which of the following is a true statement about oxidation-reduction reactions?

c. When NAD gains an electron, it becomes NADH.

The nutrition label on the granola bar you just finished eating says it contains 100 nutritional Calories. How many calories did you just consume based on the definition of a calorie used by the physical sciences?

d. 100,000

What is the best definition for glucagon?

b. A hormone that increases blood glucose levels

Which of the following is a mineral that aids in digestion?

d. Chloride

What is the collective term for all chemical reactions occurring in the body?

b. Metabolism