Lesson 4: The Self in Western and Eastern Thoughts

Flashcards testing concepts of the self across Eastern and Western philosophies, including Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, collectivism, individualism, and cultural expressions.

In the Eastern-vs-Western dichotomy, Eastern represents Asia, while Western represents __________ and Northern America.

Europe

Confucianism can be seen as a code of ethical conduct focused on having a __________ social life.

harmonious

In Confucianism, the identity and self-concept of the individual are interwoven with the identity and status of their __________ or culture.

community

Taoism defines living as being in the way of the Tao or the __________.

universe

Taoism rejects the hierarchy and strictness brought by __________ and prefers a simple lifestyle.

Confucianism

In Taoism, the self is not just an extension of the family or community, but a part of the universe and one of the forms and manifestations of the __________.

Tao

In Eastern selflessness, the ideal self is not forgetting about the self, but living a balanced life with __________ and nature.

society

In Buddhism, the self is seen as an __________, born out of ignorance.

illusion

According to Buddhism, renouncing the self and breaking attachments to the world allows one to attain the state of __________.

nirvana

While Confucianism and Taoism situate the self within a bigger context, Buddhism takes the self out of the whole picture __________.

entirely

The Western perspective looks at the world in dualities, wherein the creator is separated from the __________ he created.

object

When describing themselves, Asians generally talk about their social roles, whereas Americans talk more about their __________ attributes.

personal

Promoting the self among Asians can be seen as __________ that disrupts social relationships.

boastfulness

Americans evaluate the self by highlighting their personal __________.

achievements

In Individualistic Western culture, the primary focus is on the __________.

person

In Collectivistic Eastern culture, group and social relations are given more importance than individual __________ and wants.

needs

Collectivistic culture places more emphasis on __________ because it wants to keep things in harmony and order.

hierarchy

An Eastern or Oriental person tends to go around the bush when explaining things, hoping that the other person would "__________" what they really want to say.

feel

Westerners value equality and promote ideals that create "__________" competition to protect the individual.

fair

In Western culture, individuals would most likely call their bosses, parents, or other seniors by their __________ name.

first

In the Philippines, differences and similarities with Asian neighbors can be considered alongside their __________ experience.

colonization

Variations among provinces and regions in the Philippines occur due to __________ conditions.

geographical

Amid diversity in social media, migration, and intermarriages, peace is possible through the __________ of where each person is coming from.

understanding