Infant Development: Percentiles, Sleep, Brain, Language, and Temperament Flashcards | Knowt

What does the 20th weight percentile mean?

The baby weighs more than $20\%$ of infants their age.

What is bed sharing?

An infant and caregiver sleep in the same bed.

What is co-sleeping?

An infant and caregiver sleep in the same room.

What is transient exuberance?

Rapid growth of many new dendrites in the brain.

What is pruning?

The process where unused dendrites weaken and die.

What is head sparing?

The brain keeps growing when body growth is slowed by malnutrition.

What is core knowledge?

Basic understanding infants have about how the world works.

What is implicit memory?

Memory that was never consciously put into words.

What is explicit memory?

Memory that can be consciously remembered and put into words.

What is a primary circular reaction?

Repeated actions involving the infant's own body.

What is a secondary circular reaction?

Repeated actions involving objects outside the body.

What is a tertiary circular reaction?

Trying new actions to see what happens.

What is object permanence?

Knowing an object still exists when it cannot be seen.

What is a holophrase?

One word used to express an entire thought.

What is the naming explosion?

A rapid increase in vocabulary after learning about $50$ words.

What is mean length of utterance (MLU)?

The average number of words in a child's typical utterance.

What is the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?

Chomsky's idea that humans are biologically prepared for language.

What does experience-expectant mean?

The brain expects certain common experiences for normal development.

What does experience-dependent mean?

Development shaped by unique individual experiences.

What are the three temperament domains?

Effortful control, negative mood, and exuberance.

What is synchrony?

Caregiver and infant respond to each other in coordinated ways.

What is the still-face technique?

A caregiver becomes unresponsive while researchers observe the infant.

What is insecure-avoidant attachment?

The infant shows little proximity seeking and avoids the caregiver.

What is insecure-resistant attachment?

The infant is very distressed and may resist comfort after reunion.

What is a working model?

Assumptions used to organize perceptions and experiences.