A&P lab (week 5)

What are the skull bones?

both

• cranial bones (8)

• facial bones (14)

How many bones are in the skull?

22

What are the different cranial bones?

• frontal

• parietal

  • paired

• temporal

  • paired

• occipital

• sphenoid

• ethmoid

What are the different facial bones?

• maxilla

  • paired

• palatine

  • paired

• zygomatic

  • paired

• lacrimal

  • paired

• nasal

  • paired

• inferior nasal concha

  • paired

• mandible

• vomer

Sutures

where the cranial bones meet

ex. an immovable joint

What are the different sutures of the skull?

• coronal

frontal cut

• sagittal

cut down middle

• lambdoid

cut in back of skull

• squamous

paired on thin part of skull

Fontanel

found in the fetal skeleton

termed “soft spots” and allow the brain to grow

What are the different types of fontanels?

• anterior

frontal

• posterior

occipital

• sphenoid

paired

• mastoid

paired

True or false, infants are not born with the mastoid process?

true

What is the mnemonic for remembering cranial bones of the skull?

“of pets”

What is the mnemonic for remembering the facial bones?

“monkeys in New Zealand like peaches very much”

Frontal bone

front of skull

Parietal bones

paired

top of skull

Temporal bones

paired

near temples and ears

Zygomatic process

*temporal bone

touches the zygomatic bone

Mandibular process

where the mandibular condyle of the mandible fits to form the TMJ (temporomandibular joint)

External acoustic meatus

outer ear canal

Internal acoustic meatus

inner ear canal

Temporal bone

Styloid process

sharp process

Temporal bone

Mastoid process

blunt process behind the earlobe

Carotid canal

where artery passes to bring blood to brain

Jugular foramen

formed where the temporal and occipital bones meet

jugular vein passes through it to bring blood back from the brain

Zygomatic arch

the cheekbones

consists of both the zygomatic and temporal process

ex. processes named for bones they touch

Occipital bone

back of skull

What are the parts of the occipital bone?

• foramen magnum

where brain stem becomes spinal cord

• occipital condyles

rounded bumps on either side of foramen magnum

Sphenoid bone

behind the eyes

butterfly shape

Sphenoid bone

Greater wings

large broad wings

Lesser wings

sharper, more pointed wings

contain the optic foramina

Sphenoid bone

Sella turcica

where the pituitary gland sits

Pterygoid plates (medial and lateral)

visible on the inferior view of the skull posterior to the back teeth

Optic foramen

small round hole in the back of each orbit (eye socket)

Superior orbital fissure

*sphenoid bone

superior portion of the large fissure in the back of each orbit

between the two wings

Inferior orbital fissure

*sphenoid bone

inferior portion of the large fissure in the back of each orbit

ex. can only be seen on skull

Ethmoid bone

located between eye sockets

Ethmoid bone

Crista galli

resembles a shark fin

Ethmoid bone

Cribriform plate

superior surface of the bone

Orbital plate

*ethmoid bone

lateral surfaces of the bone that make up part of the orbit (eye socket)

Olfactory (AKA Cribriform) foramina

the small foramina in the cribriform plate

ex. multiple

Perpendicular plate

single plate that runs vertically down the middle of the bone

Middle nasal concha

part of ethmoid bone

ex. visible

Superior nasal concha

part of ethmoid bone

ex. not visible

Maxilla

holds upper teeth

paired bone

Alveolar processes

*maxilla

sockets for the teeth

Incisive foramen

*maxilla

hole right behind the incisors (two front teeth)

ex. single

The hard palate

composed of the two palatine bones and the two palatine processes of the maxillae

ex. 4 parts

Palatine process

touches the palatine bones and makes up 2/3 of hard palate

Palatine bones

paired

make up 1/3 of hard palate

Zygomatic bone

paired

cheekbones

Temporal process

*zygomatic bone

touches the temporal bone

Zygomatic arch

Lacrimal bones

paired

drains tears from the eyes into the nose

ex. contains lacrimal fossa

Nasal bone

paired

makes up bridge of the nose

Inferior nasal concha

paired

• pearls of nose

• two separate bones

ex. visible

Vomer

goes down middle of nose

Nasal septum

made of both cartilage and bone

bony part is made up of the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

cartilaginous part is made up of hyaline cartilage

Mandible

jawbone

Body and Ramus

part of mandible

body is horizontal portion

ramus is vertical portion

Mental foramen

part of mandible

foramen on the exterior (anterior) surface of the body

Mandibular foramen

part of mandible

foramen of the ramus

Mandibular condyle (condyloid process)

part of mandible

rounded processes that fit into the mandibular fossae of the

temporal bones to form the TMJ

Coronoid process

sharp processes anterior to the mandibular condyles

Ossicles

six small bones of the middle ear

Which foramina on the skull are not paired?

• foramen magnum

• incisive foramina

• olfactory foramina

Which bones are bordered by all five sutures?

the parietal bones