Psych Memory (modules 23-25) (exam 2)

Memory

the ability to store and retrieve information over time

Enoding

taking information into the memory system

Storage

Information that is stored in memory overtime

Retrieval

recalling something that gets that information out of storage for use.

Recall

Doing fill in the blank problems that make you dig deeper into storage to come up with the answer.

Recognition

where you identify items previously learned quickly when looking at the terms. like on a multiple choice test.

relearning

learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time

overlearning

where you contnue to study and rehearse the material even you mastered it

sequential processing

processing one aspect or problem at a time overtime (flashcards)

Parallel processing

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously (whats happening around you)

Connectionism

a type of information-processing approach that emphasizes the simultaneous activity of numerous interconnected processing units

explicit memory

consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

declaritive memory

concious recall specifically for facts, events, and information

effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (paying attention to class and learning a specific subject)

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Sensory memory

small recording of sensory information in the memory system

Short term memory

activated memory that holds a few things briefly

working memory

active maintenance of information in short-term storage

Long term memory

Unlimited permanent storage of information.

Dual track processing

Simultaneous processing of explicit and implicit memories.

automatic processing

unconscious encoding of the things around you that you might not be completely aware of

Implicit memories

long term memory that people have and use unconsioucly and autimatically to influence behavior and skills without effort

Iconic memory

Everything we can see through our eyes

Echoic memory

auditory sensory memory (being able to remember things that were said seconds prior for a cerain ammount of time

Effortful processing strategies

chunking, mnemonics, hierarchies

Chunking

grouping things together and putting them into a familiar category

mnemonics

using word imagery to be able to remember.

Hierarchies

Complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories

spacing effect

splitting up segments overtime when studying

Massed practice

cramming- can produce fast short term but learning quickly can also cause you to forget quickly (going over terms before the exam)

Distributed practice

studying in ways where you have breaks in between to improve memory of the terms (long term memory)

shallow processing

encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

Deep processing

encoding based on the meaning of the words