Solubility Rules Table

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing aqueous solubility rules and exceptions for common cations and anions based on Melissa Maribel's Solubility Table.

Group 1 Cations ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Ammonium ($NH_4^+$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Nitrate ($NO_3^-$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Acetate ($C_2H_3O_2^-$ or $CH_3COO^-$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Hydrogen Carbonate ($HCO_3^-$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Chlorate ($ClO_3^-$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Perchlorate ($ClO_4^-$)

Soluble ($aq$) with no exceptions.

Halogens ($Cl^-$, $Br^-$, $I^-$)

Soluble ($aq$); exceptions that make it insoluble ($s$) are $Ag^+$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Hg_2^{2+}$.

Sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$)

Soluble ($aq$); exceptions that make it insoluble ($s$) are $Ag^+$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, and $Ba^{2+}$.

Carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$)

Insoluble ($s$); exceptions that make it soluble ($aq$) are Group 1 ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.) or $NH_4^+$.

Chromate ($CrO_4^{2-}$)

Insoluble ($s$); exceptions that make it soluble ($aq$) are Group 1 ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.), $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, or $NH_4^+$.

Phosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$)

Insoluble ($s$); exceptions that make it soluble ($aq$) are Group 1 ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.) or $NH_4^+$.

Sulfide ($S^{2-}$)

Insoluble ($s$); exceptions that make it soluble ($aq$) are Group 1 ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.) or $NH_4^+$.

Hydroxide ($OH^-$)

Insoluble ($s$); exceptions that make it soluble ($aq$) are Group 1 ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, etc.), $NH_4^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, or $Sr^{2+}$.