Chemistry

Coulomb’s law

Coulomb’s law is a fundamental principle of physics that quantifies the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two stationary, electrically charged particles.

effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

1

mono-

2

di-

3

tri-

4

tetra-

5

penta-

6

hexa-

7

hepta-

8

octa-

9

nona-

10

deca-

2 total groups, 2 bonded atoms, 0 lone pairs

Linear (180)

3 total groups, 3 bonded atoms, 0 lone pairs

Trigonal planar (120)

3 total groups, 2 bonded atoms, 1 lone pairs

Bent (<120)

4 total groups, 4 bonded atoms, 0 lone pairs

Tetrahedral (109.5)

4 total groups, 3 bonded atoms, 1 lone pairs

Trigonal Pyramidal (107)

4 total groups, 2 bonded atoms, 2 lone pairs

Bent (104.5)

5 total groups, 5 bonded atoms, 0 lone pairs

Trigonal bipyramidal (90, 120, 180)

5 total groups, 4 bonded atoms, 1 lone pairs

See-saw (90, 120, 180)

5 total groups, 3 bonded atoms, 2 lone pairs

T-Shaped (90, 180)

5 total groups, 2 bonded atoms, 3 lone pairs

Linear (180)

6 total groups, 6 bonded atoms, 0 lone pairs

Octahedral (90, 180)

6 total groups, 5 bonded atoms, 1 lone pairs

Square pyramidal (90, 180)

6 total groups, 4 bonded atoms, 2 lone pairs

Square Planar (90, 180)

Electron geometry: 2 electron groups

Linear (180)

Electron geometry: 3 electron groups

Trigonal Planar (120)

Electron geometry: 4 electron groups

Tetrahedral (109.5)

Electron geometry: 5 electron groups

Trigonal bipyramidal (90, 120, 180)

Electron geometry: 6 electron groups

Octahedral (90, 180)

single bond (number of pi and sigma bonds)

1 sigma, 0 pi

double bond (number of pi and sigma bonds)

1 sigma bond, 1 pi bond

triple bond (number of pi and sigma bonds)

1 sigma bond, 2 pi bond

Hybridization: 2 electron groups

sp

Hybridization: 3 electron groups

sp²

Hybridization: 4 electron groups

sp³

Hybridization: 5 electron groups

sp³d*

Hybridization: 6 electron groups

sp³d²*

Polarity: Linear

non-polar

Polarity: Trigonal Planar

either, depends on symmetry

Polarity: Bent

polar

Polarity: Tetrahedral

either, depends on symmetry

Polarity: Trigonal Pyramidal

polar

Polarity: Trigonal Bypyramidal

either, depends on symmetry

Polarity: See-saw

polar

Polarity: T-shaped

polar

Polarity: octahedral

either, depends on symmetry

Polarity: square pyramidal

polar

Polarity: square planar

non-polar