High School Grade 1 Academic Vocabulary

Essential academic vocabulary flashcards covering scientific, psychological, historical, and philosophical concepts directly identified from the lecture word lists.

hippocampus

A complex brain structure located in the temporal lobe that plays a central role in memory consolidation and spatial navigation.

adaptation

The biological or evolutionary process by which an organism adjusts and becomes suited to its environment.

handedness

The tendency or preference to use one hand rather than the other for motor tasks.

apartheid

A historical policy and institutionalized system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.

resilience

The capacity to withstand, adapt to, or recover quickly from difficulties, adversity, or stress.

camouflage

Natural coloration, patterning, or materials that enable an organism or object to blend into its surrounding environment.

neurobic

Referring to mental exercises designed to stimulate brain function and create new neural pathways by breaking routine sensory patterns.

substrate

An underlying surface or chemical substance upon which an organism lives or an enzyme acts.

dementia

A general clinical term describing a severe decline in cognitive abilities, memory, and reasoning that interferes with daily life.

speciation

The evolutionary process through which distinct and independent biological species develop from an existing lineage.

elongation

The process or physical state of stretching, extending, or lengthening in dimension or time.

extroverts

Individuals who are typically outgoing, energized by social interactions, and drawn to external sensory stimulation.

stimulus

Any physical event, chemical agent, or environmental change that evokes a functional or sensory response in an organism.

prototype

An initial or preliminary working model of an invention or product used to test and refine concepts before full production.

dormancy

A state in an organism's lifecycle during which growth, metabolic activity, and development are temporarily suspended.

bayesian

Relating to a statistical paradigm where the probability of a hypothesis is revised and updated as new evidence emerges.

autonomy

The condition or right of self-governance, individual freedom, and independent decision-making.

fallacy

A faulty deduction, misconception, or mistake in reasoning that renders an argument invalid or unsound.

coalesce

To unite, merge, or grow together to form a single unified body, mass, or whole.

pathogen

A biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus, that causes disease in an infected host.

torpor

A state of decreased physiological activity, lowered body temperature, and reduced metabolic rate used by animals to conserve energy.

salinity

The concentration and quantity of dissolved salts present in a body of water or soil.

hominids

Members of the primate family Hominidae, which includes modern humans, ancestral human species, and the great apes.

progeny

The descendants, children, or biological offspring produced by an animal, plant, or human.

oxidants

Reactive chemical substances capable of oxidizing other compounds by removing electrons or adding oxygen atoms.

newtonian

Relating to or based on the classical principles of motion, gravity, and physics established by Sir Isaac Newton.

lectin

A specialized carbohydrate-binding protein that selectively recognizes and attaches to specific sugar complexes.

endemic

Native, regularly occurring, or restricted to a particular geographical region, ecosystem, or population.

codex

An ancient historical book manuscript composed of separate handwritten leaves bound together.

cortex

The outer surface layer of an anatomical organ, particularly the cerebral cortex of the brain responsible for higher cognitive processing.

schema

A mental concept or cognitive framework that helps an individual organize, categorize, and interpret new information.

stoic

An individual capable of enduring pain, hardship, or emotional distress calmly and without outward complaint.

waggle

A rhythmic figure-eight dance performed by honeybees to communicate the direction and distance of a food source to nestmates.

subsidy

A direct financial grant or economic assistance provided by a government or agency to support businesses or keep prices accessible.

tactile

Relating to, perceived by, or tangible through the physical sensation and sense of touch.

utopia

An imagined ideal society or place characterized by perfect social, political, and moral harmony.