glycolysis

Glycolysis simple

glucose -> pyruvate

Glycolysis steps

1. Glucose —> glucose 6-phosphate (ATP->ADP).

2. glucose 6-phosphate<—>fructose 6-phosphate.

3. fructose 6-phosphate —> fructose 16-bisphosphate.

4. fructose 16-bisphosphate <—> dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

5. dihydroxyacetone phosphate <—> glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

6. 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate —> 13-bisphosphoglycerate.

7. 2 13-biphosphoglycerate —> 2 3-phosphoglycerate.

8. 2 3-phosphoglycerate —> 2 2-phosphoglycerate.

9. 2 2-phosphoglycerate —> 2 H2O + 2 phosphoenolpyruvate.

10. 2 phosphoenolpyruvate —> 2 pyruvate (2ADP->2ATP)

Glycolysis results:

• ATP(2 IN & 4 OUT).

• NADH.

• Pyruvate.

Lactate dehydrogenase in glycolysis equation

What lactate hydrogenase does in glycolysis

recycles NADH.

Stores the carbon.

Allows continuation of glycolysis.

Alcohol in yeast w/ glycolysis

2 step rxn.

Pyruvate -> acetaldehyde -> ethanol.

(Pyruvate decarboxylase) (alcohol dehydrogenase)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase roles

produces acetyl CoA.

Move to mitochondria.

Feeds into oxidation pathways.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

pyruvate + HS -CoA -> acetyl CoA.

NAD+ -> NADH +CO2.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

• E1: decarboxylase; pyruvate -> CO2.

• E2: transacetylase; CoA-SH -> acetyl CoA.

• E3: dehydrogenase; NAD+->NADH.

Step 1 of glycolysis

Step 2 of glycolysis

Step 3 of glycolysis

Step 4 of glycolysis

Step 5 of glycolysis

Step 6 of glycolysis

Step 7 of glycolysis

Step 8 of glycolysis

Step 9 of glycolysis

Step 10 of glycolysis