ap7xlm

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to

A) the nationalization of major industries

B) the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate

C) a decline in highway construction

D) a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

E) a decrease in labor union membership

D

The impact of the Great Depression on agriculture in the United States continued which of the following trends?

A) The demand for food resources from abroad grew.

B) The farm labor force diminished in size as the economy industrialized.

C) The need for immigrant farmworkers increased.

D) Support for conservation policies in rural areas declined.

B

Which of the following was a common experience on the United States home front during the Second World War?

A) Rationing of basic consumer goods

B) Frequent antiwar protests

C) Government attempts to misinform the public about the war's death toll

D) The belief that society could simultaneously pay for both its war effort and its social- welfare legislation

E) Highly publicized trials of suspected communists

A

One means by which President Hoover attempted to fight the Great Depression was

A) the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority

B) the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

C) a lowering of barriers for free trade

D) the early payments of bonuses to veterans

E) direct government aid to the needy

B

The system of labor that is the focus of the excerpt would eventually change most dramatically as a result of the

A) success of the woman suffrage movement

B) rapid increase in immigration from southern and eastern Europe

C) growing access to automobiles and public transportation

D) demands of industrial production during the Second World War

D

All of the following concerns were addressed during the "Hundred Days" of the New Deal EXCEPT

A) banking regulation

B) unemployment relief

C) agricultural adjustment

D) homeowner mortgage support

E) court restructuring

E

The image was most likely intended to promote

A) popular support for federal civil rights legislation to end discrimination

B) the belief that women should have rights equal to those of men

C) the movement of women into jobs traditionally held by men

D) access to union membership for all workers regardless of race or gender

C

Production activities like those depicted in the image most directly contributed to

A) calls to limit arms and naval destroyers for the major world powers

B) critical wartime provisioning for the Allies that led to victory

C) efforts to rebuild Western Europe's postwar economy

D) concerns about the political influence of the military-industrial complex

B

Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924 ?

A) It allowed Chinese immigrants entry into the United States after 1930.

B) It allowed increased levels of immigration from southern and eastern Europe.

C) It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890.

D) It established procedures for the immigration of alien spouses of United States citizens after 1935.

E) It set restrictions on the importation of certain goods.

C

The New Deal attempted to revive the farm economy during the 1930's by

A) reducing the amount of land under cultivation

B) opening up more federal land for homesteads

C) making cash payments to encourage more production

D) increasing tariffs to eliminate foreign competition

E) selling surplus farm commodities abroad

A

Patterns of migration in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s were most similar to which of the following earlier patterns of migration?

A) The internal migration of Northerners to the South during the period of Reconstruction

B) The restrictions placed on Chinese immigration to the United States during the 1880s

C) The internal relocation of American Indians to reservations from the 1860s to the 1890s

D) The immigration of Europeans to Northern cities in the United States during the Gilded Age

D

The years 1930-1980 have been described by one historian as a period that saw the "rise and fall of the New Deal Order." What is meant here by the phrase "New Deal Order"?

A) An arrangement in which the United States government took an active role in regulating the economy and in mediating disputes between labor and management

B) A plan to allow increased free trade between the United States and Europe

C) An agenda pushed by congressional Republicans intent on encouraging family values and moral behavior

D) A program intended by congressional Democrats to promote the growth of small businesses at the expense of major corporations

E) A scheme designed to pave the way for a single, worldwide governing body

A

Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was

A) soaring energy costs

B) serious dislocation in international trade

C) European abandonment of the gold standard

D) confiscatory social security taxes

E) excessive government spending

B

Which of the following was most significant in influencing organized labor to support the Democratic Party?

A) Herbert Hoover's signing of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

B) Harry Truman's use of the Taft-Hartley Act

C) The passage of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

D) Woodrow Wilson's appointment of Samuel Gompers to the War Production Board

E) The establishment of welfare capitalism in the 1920s

C

Which of the following best explains the factor that prompted United States involvement in military actions during the Second World War?

A) Germany attempted to convince the Mexican government to attack the United States

B) Japan conducted a surprise attack on a United States military base

C) Germany declared war against the United States

D) The Japanese navy carried out strikes against United States shipping interests

B

The Great Depression-era photograph above was taken with the goal of

A) generating congressional support for the Wagner Act

B) protesting the federal government's refusal to provide aid for victims of natural disasters

C) winning approval of a federal program that would distribute land and agricultural equipment to impoverished farmers

D) publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families

E) promoting enrollment in the new Medicaid program

D

Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT

restricting agricultural production

restoring public confidence in the banking system

deficit financing

nationalizing basic industries

creating new jobs in the public sector

D

Democratic Party support by a new coalition of workers and African Americans during the 1930s was most similar to that of

Whig Party support following the Mexican-American War

Republican Party support following the Civil War

Populist Party support following the Spanish-American War

Socialist Party support following the First World War

B

The excerpt's point of view best explains the issues in which of the following?

A) Arguments regarding whether to use atomic weaponry against Japan

B) Debates about how to address the consequences of the war in the Pacific

C) Campaigns to encourage women to work in defense industries

D) Controversies over alleged communist infiltration of the United States government

B

The excerpt could best be used by historians to explain which of the following historical situations?

A) Attempts by the United States to use its power to influence postwar peace settlements

B) Challenges to the economic influence of the United States as a result of the Second World War

C) Resistance to treaties between the United States and Asian nations by European colonial powers

D) Rejection of international engagement by isolationists in the United States government

A

Governmental policies enacted during the New Deal most strongly demonstrate a continuity with which of the following earlier developments?

A) Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy.

B) Populists attempted to get the United States to adopt the silver standard for currency.

C) Imperialists claimed that the United States needed to gain colonies for resources.

D) Nativists advocated restrictions on the number of immigrants.

A

Which of the following sought to address the Great Depression by reducing production?

A) The Reconstruction Finance Corporation

B) The National Labor Relations Act

C) The Civilian Conservation Corps

D) The Glass-Steagall Act

E) The Agricultural Adjustment Act

E

The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to

A) enter the labor force

B) vote in union elections

C) enlist in the armed forces

D) join machinists' unions

E) sew military uniforms

A

Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act?

A) It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.

B) It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it.

C) It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits.

D) It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system.

E) It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal.

A

The economy described in the speech is most similar to the economy in which of the following decades?

A) 1910s

B) 1930s

C) 1950s

D) 1960s

B

Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

A) Abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s

B) Nativism in the 1840s and 1850s

C) Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s

D) The counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s

C

Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt?

A) Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities

B) Earlier marriages and an increase in family size

C) A middle-class movement to the suburbs

D) Conservative opposition to an increased government role in the economy

A

Situations such as those described in the excerpt were most directly addressed by

A) Progressive Era reforms

B) First World War economic production

C) New Deal government programs

D) Great Society efforts to end poverty

C

Which of the following was Harry Truman's stated reason for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb against Japan?

A) Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion of Japan.

B) Dropping the atomic bomb would demonstrate United States military capability to the Soviets.

C) An earlier United States land assault against Japan had been unsuccessful.

D) The development of the atomic bomb had been expensive.

E) The United States should retaliate in response to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

A

Which of the following messages did the United States government most likely intend to impart in the Second World War poster pictured above?

A) Promotion of union membership for workers in war industries

B) Encouragement of greater acceptance of African American workers in wartime industrial jobs

C) Celebration of the United States policy of racial integration in the armed forces

D) Response to criticism that corporate profiteering undermined United States war efforts

E) Counterpoint to the Rosie the Riveter image by showing that men, as well as women, worked in war industries

B

Which of the following ways best explains how the United States attempted to influence the outside world following the conclusion of the First World War?

A) It established mutual defense treaties to discourage war from occurring.

B) It granted independence to colonies such as the Philippines to encourage European countries to end their empires.

C) It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections.

D) It contributed to rebuilding European militaries in order to discourage invasions.

C

Which of the following groups was NOT part of the voting coalition that supported the New Deal?

A) African Americans in the North

B) White people in the South

C) Industrial workers in cities

D) Business executives

E) Farmers

D

Which of the following best describes the experience of Americans of Japanese descent during the Second World War?

A) They were forced to take loyalty oaths along with Americans of Italian and German descent.

B) They were expelled from Hawaii and California.

The Supreme Court intervened to protect them from wartime hysteria.

C) They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention camps.

D) The Department of the Army repatriated them forcibly to Japan.

D

Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance?

A) The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area

B) An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity

C) The beginning of the NAACP

D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century

E) The establishment of motion picture palaces

B

One major effect of the Second World War was increased opportunities for women in

A) combat command

B) higher education

C) industrial employment

D) domestic work

E) political office

C

Which of the following is true of women in the 1920s?

A) A majority of women attended college.

B) Flappers became role models for women of all social strata.

C) Women's political activism declined despite their gain of the right to vote.

D) Most women supported the Equal Rights Amendment.

E) The number of women in the medical and legal professions increased.

C

An important result of the 1936 presidential campaign was the

emergence of a viable third party

landslide win by Republicans in the Congress

shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party

move of intellectuals to Alf Landon and the Republican ticket

decline in support for the New Deal

C

The photo above most likely shows the work of which of the following New Deal agencies?

A) Civilian Conservation Corps

B) Farm Security Administration

C) National Recovery Administration

D) National Labor Relations Board

E) Social Security Administration

A

Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct?

A) It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

B) It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers.

C) It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil.

D) It built dams that made rural electrification possible.

E) It built interstate highways in the upper South.

D

In the 1930s the Great Depression resulted in

A) a dramatic increase in emigration to Canada

B) a major migration from California to the Central Plains

C) an increase in the number of transient people searching for work

D) a dramatic increase in the number of foreign immigrants

E) a significant increase in the birth rate

C

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the African American migration shown on the graph between 1900 and 1929 ?

A) The integration of the United States military

B) The cultural movement known as the Harlem Renaissance

C) The federal effort to support the integration of public schools

D) The loosening of restrictions on immigration to the United States

B

The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to

A) ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers

B) provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor

C) reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress

D) expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers

E) raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

E

During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were

A) government relocation camps for indigent workers

B) model communities established by the Hoover administration

C) shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people

D) soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation

E) work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy

C

Based on the map above, which of the following is the most accurate statement about the 1948 presidential election?

A) Republicans had great success in California and the Pacific Northwest.

B) The Democratic Party derived the majority of its support from the solid South in the 1948 election.

C) The Republican Party had ended its long streak of electoral failures in the former Confederate states by 1948.

D) Support for the Republican Party was concentrated in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain states.

E) The New Deal coalition that had elected Franklin D. Roosevelt four times had begun to weaken by 1948.

E

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments by the 1920s?

A) The growing similarity of rural and urban African American culture

B) The decline in racial violence against African Americans

C) The rise of African American civil rights advocacy organizations in the North

D) The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration

D

Which of the following best explains a context for the development depicted in the excerpt?

A) African American sharecropping led to the creation of a new southern regional identity.

B) African American painters created works to advocate against fascist ideologies.

C) Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression.

D) Market instability caused African Americans to seek work as writers.

C

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the trend in Chicago's population from 1890 to 1940 ?

A) Increasing birth rates

B) Job opportunities in industry

C) The promise of religious freedom

D) Growing employment in agriculture

B

In the 1960s, the policy referenced in the image was

A) determined to be in the purview of the states rather than the federal government

B) overturned by the passage of new legislation

C) made permanent through an amendment to the United States Constitution

D) left largely unchanged because it did not apply to immigrants from parts of the world other than Europe

B