post mortem changes

postmortem changes

constitute the natural progression of the body's decomposition of the death, beginning at the cellular level

postmortem changes

changes comments immediately after death continue to occur over a prolonged period at different rates for different organs

postmortem changes

the onset and extent of these changes are affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors

postmortem changes

wait are not precise and differ from one geographical region to another and differ in the same geographic region from one season to another

intrinsic and extrinsic factors

these factors either accelerate or decelerate the onset and extent of postmortem changes

intrinsic factors

primarily include body mass and the body surface area

extrinsic factors

insulation the environment and the storage of the carcass after death

high fat content of carcass

sepsis or underlying infection

presence of open wounds

accelerate the rate of postmortem changes includes

pig

soft and moist muscle, rapid in onset

horse

dry and fear muscle and slow in onset

pancreas

has the presence of bacterial flora enzyme secretions and availability of moisture and substrates it also has rapid changes

fibrous tissue

less amount and slow changes

retina

most sensitive and separates from corroids

freezing ambient temperatures

less thin coat

storage of carcass in cold chamber

decelerate the rate of postmortem changes includes

immediate postmortem changes

cessation of bodily functions including the respiratory circulatory and nervous systems

feather test and mirror test

task used in evaluating the loss of respiratory movements and breathing sounds

flat electrocardiogram or ecg

use to test loss of pulse

retinal vascular segmentation

break up of the columns of blood in the retinal blood vessels

early postmortem changes

occur while the body is still in the fresh stage before the breakdown of soft tissues

algor mortis

postmortem cooling off the body temperature until it equalizes temperature of the surrounding environment

death to 6 hours

how many hours does algor mortis

algor mortis

it commences at or before the stoppage of blood flow the rate of cooling depends on the on different factors

external atmospheric temperature

air currents

the thickness of hair coat or wool

adiposity of the animal

amount of fermentable in jesta in the digestive tract

factors in the cooling effect or the algor mortis

rigor mortis

it is a construction of muscles of the where the joints becomes stiff and body is rigid

rigor mortis

develops first in those muscles that are very active example or the heart, palpebral muscles, muscles of the head and neck

1 to 8 hours after death and disappear from 20 to 30 hours

rigor mortis usually appears

high atmospheric temperature

active exercise like hunting, fighting, racing or struggling

strychnine poisoning

tetanus

factors hasten the concept of rigor mortis

heat is liberated

glycogen is broken down to lactic acid

progressive decrease in muscle ph

muscle oxygen and atp depleted

process of rigor mortis

1 to 4 hours after death

how many hours do rigor mortiz or the stiffening of facial muscle appears

6 to 12 hours

how many hours does the stiffening of the rest of muscles usually appears

livor mortis

bluish purple discoloration of the dependent parts of the body due to gravitational of the blood after cessation of circulation to the most dependent capillaries

hypostatic congestion

pallor mortis

leave or mortis are also known as

3 to 4 hours and fix by 6 to 8 hours

how many hours does liver mortis formed

livor mortis

occurs immediately after cessation of circulation and become visible after 2 hours as discrete patches and become confluent and more intense in color

postmortem clot

is the coagulation of blood in the vessels after death

chicken fat

is a white color clot

currant jelly clot

it is a red color clot

imbibition of hemoglobin

pinkish discoloration of endothelium of larger vessels due to hemoglobin after death

postmortem imbibition of bile

yellow pigmentation of the tissue occurring in the vicinity of gallbladder

postmortem softening

is softening of tissues after death by the action of autolytic enzymes of the cells and the proteolytic ferments of the saprophytes and infecting bacteria

pseudomelanosis coli

is a staining of blackish or greenish discoloration of intestines due to formation of iron sulfide after death of animals

postmortem bloat are postmortem emphysema

it is accumulation of gas in the rumen and intestines due to fermentation of food after death

postmortem displacement of organs

this may occur following handling of carcass by rolling etc

postmortem rupture of organ and tissue

this may be attributed to softening and handling but devoid of any inflammatory reaction

putrefaction

decomposition of tissues brought about by the protein splitting anaerobic saprophytic organisms results in the formation of gas and variety of foul smelling substances

putrefaction

leticia turns black or dark green as a result of formation of ion sulfide from breakdown hemoglobin

clostridium spp

it is a common putrefractive organism normally present in feces leads to pronounce postmortem changes in the body like gaseous distension or softening

bacterial flora

present in gip and respiratory tract bring about the postmortem changes rapidly under favorable conditions