AP Bio Unit 3
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28 Terms
Exergonic reaction
Catabolic reaction that releases energy
Endergonic Reaction
Reaction that stores energy
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions within a cell
Enzymes do what?
Break down or form molecules
Define substrate
A reactant of a enzyme reaction
Define active site
Location where substrate directly interacts with an enzyme
Define Enzyme-Substrate complex
The name of the bond when an enzyme and a substrate are bonded
What lowers activation energy?
Catalyst/enzymes
Define Denatured
Protein/hydrogen bonds break in unprefferable pH or temperature conditions
What is competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibitor binds with the active site and prevent substrate from bonding with the enzyme
What is non-competitive inhibition?
Non-competitive inhibitor bonds with the allosteric site, causing the enzyme to change shape and preventing it from bonding with substrate
Define Vmax
The max reaction rate of an enzymatic reaction
What is an intermediate enzyme?
An enzyme in the middle of a longer reaction
What is negative feedback?
When an intermediate or product is inhibited to prevent the continuation of a longer process
How does oxidation affect electrons?
It causes a loss of electrons
How does reduction affect electrons?
It causes the gain of electrons
Photosynthesis equation is—
Energy + 6CO² + 6H²0 —> C⁶H¹²O⁶ +6O²
What are stomata?
Openings in the leaves of plants, where CO² enters and water and oxygen leave
Define chemiosmosis
Movement of ions down a chemical gradient
What is it called when water splits during PSII
Photolysis
What part of the thylakoid holds high concentrations of hydrogen ions?
The lumen
What does chlorophyll do?
Is a part of the thylakoid membrane, it is a pigment that absorbs light energy
What protein forms NADPH
NADP reductase
What is RuBP?
A 6-carbon chain called rubisco
What is the stroma?
The connective tissue around the thylakoids in the chloroplast
What are thylakoids?
Disks within the chloroplast that use photosynthesis
How much ATP and NADPH are made and used in photosynthesis?
18 ATP and 12 NADPH
Define phosphorylation
The bond of a phosphate group to a molecule