chem flashcards

what are pure substances?

• element

• compound

what are mixtures?

• heterogenous mixture

• homogenous mixture

what is 10³ m?

• kilo

what is 10^-1m?

• deci

what is 10^-2m?

• centi

what is 10^-3m?

• milli

what is 10^-6m?

• micro

what is 10^-9m?

• nano

which figures are significant?

• non-zero numbers

  • 1, 2, 3

• interior zeroes

  • 206, 804

• trailing zeros to the right of the decimal

  • 3.760, 2.0

• trailing zeroes before a decimal

  • 1200.00, 20.0

addition and subtraction sig fig rule

• answer has same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places

multiplication and division sig fig rule

• take least number of sig figs

group 18

• noble gas

• no charge

group 17

• halogens

• -1 charge

group 1

• alkali metals

• +1 charge

group 2

• alkaline earth metals

• +2 charge

transition metals

• must have roman numeral saying what positive charge is

cation

• atoms with positive charges

anion

• atoms with negative charges

diatomic elements

• HOFBrINCl

  • H₂, O₂, F₂, Br₂, I₂, N₂, Cl₂

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

deca

10

mono

1

common acids

• HF (hydrofluoric acid)

• HCl (hydrochloric acid)

• HBr (hydrobromic acid)

• HI (hydroiodic acid)

• HCN (hydrocyanic acid

• H₂S (hydrosulfuric acid)

oxoacids

• HNO₃ (nitric acid)

• HNO₂ (nitrous acid)

• H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid)

• H₂SO₃ (sulfurous acid)

• H₃PO₄ (phosphoric acid)

• HC₂H₃O₂ (acetic acid)

what is H₂O?

• water

what is CH₄?

• methane

what is NH₃?

• ammonia