AR 118 Global Art History: Midterm Medieval and Renaissance Images

Vocabulary practice flashcards identifying key artworks, architectural sites, artists, locations, and dates covered in the AR 118 Global Art History midterm review of Medieval and Renaissance art.

Christ the Good Shepherd

Early Christian mosaic located in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, dating to c. 425-26 ce.

Jesus is wearing the colors of royalty (purple and gold) emperor of heaven and earth.

Empress Theodora and Her Attendants

Byzantine mosaic located in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, dated to 547.

Justinian’s wife (changed laws to marry her)

The concept is to worship the idea behind the image( reverse perspective; opposite of 3D)

Dome of the Rock

Islamic architectural monument located in Jerusalem, begun in 692.

Decorative script, no pictures

Rock is associated with Abraham sacrificing Issac.

Tile mosaic mihrab

Mihrab constructed of tile mosaic, from Madrasa Imami, Isfahan, Iran, dating to after 1354.

An entire wall: inside- quotes from the Karan, middle- home of every pias person, outside- 5 pillars of Islam

Tells you which way is Mecca

Doors of Bishop Bernward

Monumental bronze cast doors dating to 1015.

Ottonian period

Tells a story

Panel of door tells the story of Adam and Eve

Prefiguration- what will happen next

Nave of Cathedral of Saint James

Romanesque cathedral interior located in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, built 1078-1122.

Has rounded arches and an ambulatory so pilgrims won’t disturb service

Has the body of Saint James

Last Judgment (Autun)

Romanesque portal relief sculpted by Gislebertus at St. Lazare, Autun, France, dating to c. 1120-1130.

Jesus in the middle, below Jesus is the dead rising to have their souls weighed

Angel with trumpet summons all creatures to judgement

Annunciation and Visitation (Reims Cathedral)

Jamb sculptures from Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, featuring the Annunciation (left side) (c. 1245) and the Visitation (right side) (c. 1230)

Annunciation- Gabriel (left) tells Mary (right) she is pregnant with Jesus

Visitation- Mary (left) tells her cousin Elizabeth (right) that she is pregnant with Jesus. Elizabeth tells Mary she is pregnant with St. John the Baptist

Upper Chapel, Sainte-Chapelle

Gothic royal chapel located in Sainte- Chapelle, Paris, France, constructed 1243-48.

Built for Louis 10th

Becomes the reliquary

Nothing but stained glass windows (they tell first and last testaments and last 10 windows tell you how he became St. Louis)

Lamentation (Giotto)

Early Renaissance Fresco by Giotto located in the Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, dating to 1305-06

Jesus died and was taken down from the cross, Mary holds his face while Mary Magdeline holds his feet, Joseph is there

Cherubs in the sky grieving

Has the tree of good and evil (tree of knowledge) in the background

Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife

Northern Renaissance painting executed by Jan van Eyck, dated to 1434.

Famous painting

Could have two meanings- power of attorney or a marriage

Symbolism- taking an oath

Mérode Altarpiece

Northern Renaissance painted by Robert Campin, dating to c. 1425-1430s.

1st half of the painting- people who commissioned painting near a door trying to have a baby

2nd half of the painting- angel and a women sitting at a table and the women is holding a book with a cloth you can see baby Jesus to the left holding a cross

3rd half of the painting- Joseph working on a wire board

Four Crowned Martyrs

Sculptural group carved by Nanni di Banco, dating to c. 1409-17.

4 statues made by stone masons union with stone masons below them

Big decision being made

The Tribute Money

Early Renaissance fresco painted by Masaccio in the Brancacci Chapel, dating to c. 1427.

1st half of the painting-Jesus, Peter, and a Roman tax collector

Jesus has no money so he tells Peter to catch a fish with money in its mouth (one of Jesus’s miracles)

2nd half of the painting- Peter pays the tax with the money from the fishes mouth

Whole painting has realistic & scaling

Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter

Fresco painted by Perugino in the Sistine Chapel, Rome, dating to 1481.

Jesus giving the key to St. Peter

Story comes from a line in the bible (16:18-19)

St. Peter is the first pope

Propaganda- Popes can do no wrong

Birth of Venus

High Renaissance work by Sandro Botticelli executed in tempera on canvas, dating to c. 1484-86.

Story is the birth of a goddess- fathers balls thrown into the ocean and when mixed with water out comes Venus on a seashell.

looking at something beautiful = beautiful thoughts = God

School of Athens

High Renaissance fresco painted by Raphael in the Vatican, Rome, dating to c. 1510-11.

Plato and Aristotle are highlighted by the window

Includes Socrates, Pythagoras, Euclid, & Ptolemy

Heraclitus only one wearing different clothes

Single- point and atmospheric perspective

Modeling

David (Michelangelo)

Marble sculpture carved by Michelangelo, dating to 1501-4.

Huge statue

Represents the story of David and Goliath- they fight and Goliath gets his head chopped off

David’s expression- what the heck

Huge- power of God

St Francis in Ecstasy

Venetian Renaissance painting by Giovanni Bellini, dating to c. 1470s.

Lives outside the city

Symbolism- skull= lived a good life, vase, bible, shoes= holy

Receiving stigmata- Jesus dying (nails in hands, etc)

The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)

Fresco painting executed by Leonardo da Vinci, dating to 1495-98.

Jesus & his Apostles- Jesus tells them that one of them will betray him (Judas)

13= unlucky (Jesus + Apostles = 13)

Judas sits near Peter and John to the left

Humanism- facial expressions

Pesaro Madonna

Venetian Renaissance Altarpiece painted by Titian, dating to 1519-26.

Mary and baby Jesus

St. Peter holding a key

St. Francis

Pesaro is the family who commissioned the painting

Includes scared convos- people who didn’t live at the same time

The Four Apostles

Two-panel painting by Albrecht Dürer, dated to 1526.

First Protestant painting

Order of men- John, Peter, Paul, and Matthew

Peter steps back since he is in the background

A Money Changer and His Wife

Northern Renaissance painting executed by Quentin Massys, dated to 1514.

Man sitting with his wife

He’s counting money while she reads a book of prayers

Window forms a cross in the mirror on the table

Secret religious message- balance worldly life and religious life

Return of the Hunters

Landscape painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, dated to 1565.

Two men on their way back with dogs behind them

Snowy mountains with people on the ice

Scaling (people get smaller the farther they go)

Zigzag pattern in the painting

Single-point and atmospheric perspective

Early Christian Art & Architecture

2nd century ce to 5th century ce

Images chosen for ambiguity-if Christian’s used Roman images to communicate Christian ideas they could avoid the threat of persecution.

Western Europe after the fall of Rome

Middle Ages: 476-1300 ce

Focuses on religion, 2- dimensional and flat, and a hierarchical scale.

Romanesque Period

Architecture included thick walls, rounded arches, groin vaults, narrow slit windows, large towers, and decorative arcading, massive walls, dim interiors and heavy store walls.

Activity of pilgrimage- churches have ambulatories so pilgrims won’t disturb services.

The Gothic Period

1150-1400 ce (Middle Ages)

Light is associated with Jesus

Burial place for Kings and Queens of France original got destroyed

Gothic arches- pointed

One step further from groin vaults, webbing in between ribs- gets to go higher

Early Renaissance

1300-1490 ce

Reborn

States hate each other because of money

Looks more realistic

Celebrate individual rather than religion

Takes place in Italy

Includes frescoes

What are Fresoes?

Painted into wet plaster (can’t take away)

Italian Painting in the 15th century

Modeling

Linear perspective- vanishing point (one-point)

Atmospheric perspective- looks faraway (aerial)

The Renaissance includes money, memory, and humanism

High Renaissance

1495-1527 ce

No singular style

Leonardo di Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo

New middle class wants to flaunt their money (bankers)

Northern Renaissance

15 century ce

More concerned about what it looks like

Lots of color (deep & rich)

Northern Europe

Symbolism

The Protestant Reformation

1520s ce

Following Protestant reformation of 1517

Oil paintings, accurate human emotions

The Counter-Reformation

1530s on

Catholic artists do not paint common scenes, portrays martyrdom of ideal-looking

Rebuilding, repression, and reform

You pray to a saint if you’re Catholic

Ottonian Period

962-1024 ce

Carolingian and Byzantine attempt to create a visual link from the past. Kings: Otto 1, 2, and 3

Venetian Renassaince

C. 1470-1590

Uses a lot of light

Lots of oil paintings

Atmospheric perspective

Giovanni and Titian