Grade 11 Chemistry Worksheet: Organic Functional Groups and Chemical Equilibrium

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering organic chemistry functional groups, IUPAC nomenclature, and principles of chemical equilibrium from the Grade 11 Chemistry worksheet.

Primary Alcohol

An alcohol characterized by an $-OH$ group attached to a carbon atom bonded to only one other carbon atom, which oxidizes first to an aldehyde and then to a carboxylic acid.

Secondary Alcohol

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group ($-OH$) is bonded to a carbon atom that is attached to two other carbon atoms, such as in $(CH_3)_2CH-OH$.

Methoxyethane

The IUPAC name for the ether represented by the formula $CH_3-O-CH_2-CH_3$.

Ketone

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group ($>C=O$) bonded to two carbon atoms with the general formula $R-CO-R'$, which does not oxidize when treated with mild oxidizing agents like Tollens' or Fehling's reagents.

Aldehyde

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group located at the end of a carbon chain with the general formula $R-CHO$, which yields a silver mirror when reacted with Tollens' reagent.

Propanal

The IUPAC name for the three-carbon aldehyde represented by the formula $CH_3-CH_2-CHO$.

Carboxylic Acid

An organic compound containing a carboxyl functional group ($-COOH$) with the general formula $R-COOH$, which turns blue litmus paper red, reacts with $NaHCO_3$ to release $CO_2$ gas, and condenses with alcohols in acid to yield sweet-smelling esters.

Ester

A sweet-smelling organic compound with the general formula $R-COO-R'$, formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst ($H^+$).

Ethyl Ethanoate

The IUPAC name for the ester with the formula $CH_3-COO-CH_2-CH_3$.

Ether

An organic compound with the general formula $R-O-R'$ and molecular formula $C_n H_{2n+2}O$ that contains an oxygen atom bonded between two alkyl groups and possesses no $O-H$ bond.

Chemical Equilibrium

The state of a reversible chemical reaction in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

Catalyst in Chemical Equilibrium

A substance that decreases the activation energy equally for both forward and reverse reactions without altering the position of equilibrium or changing the value of the equilibrium constant $K_c$.

Reaction Quotient ($Q$)

A quantity that compares the relative amounts of products and reactants at a given point in time; when additional reactant is introduced to an equilibrium system, immediately $Q < K_c$, causing the reaction to shift toward the products (to the right).

$K_p$ Expression for $CaCO_3(s) \rightleftharpoons CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$

The equilibrium constant expression in terms of partial pressures for the heterogeneous decomposition of calcium carbonate, given by $K_p = P_{CO_2}$.