GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

What is another name for GERD listed in the notes?

Chalasia.

What causes GERD?

An incompetent lower esophageal sphincter that allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

What are the common manifestations of GERD?

Forceful vomiting, heartburn, bitter taste in the mouth, dysphagia, odynophagia, and hoarseness.

What is dysphagia?

Difficulty swallowing.

What is odynophagia?

Painful swallowing.

What diagnostic test is listed for GERD?

Barium swallow.

What dietary changes are recommended for GERD?

A low-fat, high-fiber diet and small, frequent feedings.

What foods and substances should be avoided in GERD?

Spicy foods, tobacco, caffeine, and alcohol.

What is the purpose of antacids in GERD?

To neutralize stomach acidity.

What do H2 blockers do?

They block hydrochloric acid production.

What do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do?

They block hydrochloric acid production and provide a protective effect.

What medication name ending is commonly associated with PPIs? A

“-prazole.”

How should the head of the bed be positioned during sleep for a patient with GERD?

Elevated by 6–8 inches.