Reaction Kinetics I - Measuring Reaction Rates

Flashcards covering introductory reaction kinetics, methods of measuring reaction rates, calculation of reaction rates from experimental data, and rate analysis from graphs.

The __________ describes how fast a reaction proceeds.

reaction rate

__________ is the study of factors that affect reaction rate.

Reaction kinetics

In the reaction $CaCO_{3(s)} + 2HCl_{(aq)} \rightarrow CaCl_{2(aq)} + H_{2}O_{(l)} + CO_{2(g)} + \text{heat}$, reaction rate can be measured by monitoring the mass of CaCO3 or the mass of __________ produced over time.

$$CO_2$$

Monitoring the change in acidity over time in an acid-consuming reaction involves measuring __________ versus time.

pH

Two measurable properties of a gas like $CO_2$ used to track reaction rate are volume versus time and __________ versus time.

pressure

Reaction rate can be determined by measuring __________ versus time, which also indicates whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

temperature

For reactions displaying visible physical alterations, rates can be monitored by observing precipitate formation or __________ changes.

colour

If $25.0\,\text{g}$ of $Mg$ completely reacts in $1.5\,\text{minutes}$ ($90.0\,\text{s}$), the reaction rate in moles per second is __________.

$$0.011\,\text{mole } Mg/\text{s}$$

To convert $25.0\,\text{g}$ of $Mg$ consumed in $90.0\,\text{s}$ into moles per second, the mass is divided by the molar mass of magnesium, which is __________.

$$24.3\,\text{g } Mg$$

The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate produces sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide: $HCl + NaHCO_3 \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O +$ __________.

$$CO_2$$

For the reaction of $HCl$ and $NaHCO_3$, if the volume of $CO_2$ increases from $0.0\,\text{mL}$ to $7.0\,\text{mL}$ in the first $20\,\text{s}$, the reaction rate for the $0-20\,\text{seconds}$ interval is __________.

$$0.35\,\text{mL } CO_2/\text{s}$$

When the volume of $CO_2$ increases from $12.0\,\text{mL}$ at $40\,\text{s}$ to $15.0\,\text{mL}$ at $60\,\text{s}$, the reaction rate for the $40-60\,\text{seconds}$ interval is __________.

$$0.15\,\text{mL } CO_2/\text{s}$$

A decrease in rate from $0.35\,\text{mL } CO_2/\text{s}$ in the first $20\,\text{s}$ to $0.15\,\text{mL } CO_2/\text{s}$ between $40-60\,\text{s}$ illustrates that reaction rate __________ over time.

decreases

According to the data table of Mass of $CO_2$ produced over time, the mass at $1.0\,\text{min}$ is __________.

$$0.60\,\text{g}$$

According to the data table of Mass of $CO_2$ produced over time, the recorded mass at $6.0\,\text{min}$ is __________.

$$1.18\,\text{g}$$

On a graph of product Mass versus Time, the steep tangent line at the very beginning of the curve represents the __________.

Initial Rate

On a graph of product Mass versus Time, the flattened tangent near the end of the curve where the slope decreases represents the __________.

Final Rate