HP1 First Vocab Set

Tawfik's first vocab set for HP1

Rule

Required items for a program to compile/run

Convention

Items not required to compile, but generally accepted programming practices

Naming convention

Consistent, structured plan for naming things

Camel Case

The naming convention where the first letter of each additional word is capitalized with no spaces between words (Ex: camelCase)

Upper Camel Case

The naming convention where the first letter of each word is capitalized with no spaces between words (Ex: CamelCase)

Editor

Used to write and manipulate source code

Compiler

Transforms source code written in a programming language into another computer language

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Software application that provides comprehensive development tools to programmers

Object

Code that represents real and imaginary things in a program

*Objects can have states/attributes and dbehaviors (actions) and are defined by a class (EX: DOG object: States - moving, asleep, sick; Attributes: name, breed, color, weight, height; Behaviors - bark, eat, sleep, run, poop)

Class

A java file and the blueprint/template for creating objects (describes the states adn behaviors)

Method

Behaviors (actions) of an object

Field

Stores the states/attributes of an object

Public

Used in the declaration of a class, method, or field that can be accessed by the members of any class

Void

Method modifier that returns nothing

Argument

Input by users or other methods

Escape Sequence

A combination of characters starting with a backslash (\) and placed within quotes with meaning beyond the literal characters, they are primarily used to put non-printable characters in string literals.

Ex:

\n – newline

\r – carriage return

\t – tab

\f – form feed

\’ – single quote

\” – double quote

\\ – backslash

Arithmetic Operators

Used in mathematical expression in the same way that they are used in algebra ( +, -, *, /, %, ++, --  )

Relational Operators

Return true or false ( >, <, >=, <=, !=, == )

Numerical Literal

A sequence characters made of digits and up to one decimal point that may be preceded by a plus or minus sign

String Literal

A sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks

String Concatenation

The operation of joinng character strings end-to-end

Comment

Explanation or annotation in the soure code of a program ignored by the computer.

Modulus

Like dividing, but only returns the remainder; remainder of the division of one number by another

Modulo

Arithmetic operator (%) that returns the reaminder of integer divison.

13 % 6 = 1

4 % 2 = 0

5 % 10 = 5

^

If the number, the second number(divisor) is bigger than the first(dividend), and the answer would be a decimal, then the answer would just be the first original number(divisor).

Divison

In basic programming division for many languages, when dividing without using a decimal in programming then it returns only the whole number, not the remainder.

Ex:

13 / 2 = 6

^

Only returns the whole number, not the remainder

Variable

Memory location paired with a symbolic name that can hold a value used in a program

The “final” keyword is the only difference between making a varible and a constant; If you use the word “final”, it is a constant.

Constant

Variable that cannot be altered once initialized

The “final” keyword is the only difference between making a varible and a constant; If you use the word “final”, it is a constant.

Identifier

User-defined named of a program element (varibale name, method name, etc.)

Declaration

Identifying the name of an item you plan to use later in the program

Initialization

Assigning the original value to a variable, constant, or array

Final

Modifier to define an entity that cannot be changed nor defived from once initialized

The “final” keyword is the only difference between making a varible and a constant; If you use the word “final”, it is a constant.

Assignment Operator

Assigns the value on its right to a varibale or element on its left (=)

Primitive Data Type

Type with predetermined memory size to hold the value of variables

Byte

Integers from -128 to 127 (Size 8 bit)

Short

Integers from -32,768 to 32,767 (Size 16 bit)

Int

Integers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (Size 32 bit)

Long

Integers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (Size 64 bit)

Float

Real numbers from 3 .4e–038 to 3.4e+038 (Size 32 bit) roughly 6-7 decimal digits

Double

Real numbers from 1 .7e–308 to 1.7e+308 (Size 64 bit) roughly 15-16 decimal digits

Boolean

True/false, (Size 1 bit)

Char(Character)

Single Unicode character (Size 16 bit)

Variables Rules/ Naming Conventions

Start with a letter, but can have numbers after (Rule)

Has no spaces or symbols (Rule)

Starts with a lowercase letter (Convention)

camelCase if multiple words (Convention)

Constants Rules/Naming Conventions

Start with a letter, but can have numbers after (Rule)

Has no spaces or symbols (Rule)

Letters are ALL CAPS with underscores (_) between words (Convention)

Reference Data Type

Does not hold hte value of a variable, but just a reference to a different memory location with the value.

String

Reference Data Type… a String variable does no thold hte actual “string” of letters. It holds a reference (remote) to a different location in memory that holds the letters.

Documentation

Written text that accompanies software that explains how it works or how ot use it

Ex: Instruction manuals, Coding Comments,

Pseudocode

Informal description of the operating principle of a computer program inteded for human reading rather than machine reading

Package

Groups for organization within Java progamming

Import

Used at the beginning of a source file to specify classes or entire Java packages to be referred to later.

Double

Can hold a very big number or a very precise decimal number; for holding decimal integers

Float

For holding decimal integers, ½ as small as a double