AP Psych Unit 1 - Brain parts & function/ Neuron Parts, Brain scans

What is the name of structure for A on the neuron?

Dendrites fiber

What is the name of structure for B on the neuron?

Cell body

What is the name of structure for C on the neuron?

Neuron Nucleus

What is the name of structure for D on the neuron?

Myelin sheath

What is the name of structure for E on the neuron?

Node of Ranvier (gap between myelin sheath cells)

What is the name for the whole structure that includes letters D and E on the neuron?

Axon

What is the name of the structure at the ends of letters E and D in the neuron?

Synapse

What are the three major brain divisions?

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

What major brain division is this?

Forebrain

Forebrain: FUNCTION

Manages complex cognitive activities, sensory

What major brain division is this?

Midbrain

Midbrain: FUNCTION

Connects hindbrain to forebrain

What major brain division is this?

Hindbrain

Hindbrain: FUNCTION

Includes brain structures including brain stem that control autonomic functions in the body

What name of this structure in the brain?

Amygdala

Amygdala: FUNCTION

Processing emotions, fear-learning, aggression

The Amygdala is apart of what system?

Limbic System

Individuals with damaged amygdala are seen to have

No fear, less aggression

What are the parts of the brain that are involved with the brain stem?

Medulla, Thalamus, Pons

What part of the brain stem is this?

Medulla

Medulla: FUNCTION

Controls heartbeat and breathing

TRUE OR FALSE: Medulla works with pons to regulate breathing

TRUE

What part of the brain stem is this?

Pons

Pons: FUNCTION

Controls facial expressions, regulates breathing, taste touch & communication

What part of the brain is this?

Thalamus

Thalamus: FUNCTION

Received info from 4 senses excluding smell and sends it to association areas in the brain to interpret

What is the nerve communication system from the spinal cord to the thalamus called?

Reticular formation

What does reticular formation control? What happens when it’s damaged?

Arousal, won’t be alerted

What name of this structure in the brain?

Brain Stem

Brain Stem: FUNCTION

Connection to spinal cord. Filters info between PNS and rest of the brain. Also maintains homeostasis by controlling autonomic functions.

What lobe is the Broca’s Area apart of?

Frontal lobe

What name of this structure in the brain?

Broca’s Area

Broca’s Area: FUNCTION

Language production (speech & language)

What name of this structure in the brain?

Cerebellum

What is the cerebellum also called?

Little brain

Cerebellum: FUNCTION

Monitors and regulated motor behavior, automatic movements

What structure in the brain stem does the cerebellum work together with?

Pons

What are symptoms of a dysfunctional cerebellum?

Loss of coordination, unbalance

What name of this structure in the brain?

Corpus Callosum

Corpus Callosum: FUNCTION

Connects left and right hemispheres of cerebrum, each one controls movement in opposite sides

What are all the highlighted areas called?

Cerebrum

The cerebrum is made up of what & how many?

4 lobes

TRUE OR FALSE: All 4 lobes have association areas

TRUE

What lobe of the cerebrum is this?

Frontal Lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum is this?

Parietal Lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum is this?

Temporal Lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum is this?

Occipital Lobe

What is the 3 associated areas of the Frontal Lobe?

Prefrontal Cortex, Broca’s Area, Premotor cortex

Frontal Lobe: FUNCTION

Attention, thought, voluntary movement, language, decision making

What name of this structure in the brain?

Hippocampus

Hippocampus: FUNCTION

Early memory storage, formation of long memory, spatial navigation

What’s a way to remember Hypothalamus from hippocampus

Hypothalamus is below the thalamus in the brain stem where it does autonomic functions. Hypothalamus does the same!

What name of this structure in the brain?

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus: FUNCTION

Automatic functions (hunger, thirst, body temp, heart rate)

What name of this structure in the brain?

Limbic System

What does the limbic system consist of? (3)

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus

Limbic System: FUNCTION

Processing and regulating emotion, memory

What name of this structure in the brain?

Occipital Lobe

Occipital Lobe: FUNCTION

Vision

What name of this structure in the brain?

Parietal Lobe

Parietal Lobe: FUNCTION

Perception and integration of somatosensory info (touch, pressure, temp)

What name of this structure in the brain?

Prefrontal Cortex

Prefrontal Cortex: FUNCTION

Executive processes (decision-making, planning, thinking)

What name of this structure in the brain?

Premotor Cortex

Premotor Cortex: FUNCTION

Planning/executing motor movements, empathy

What name of this structure in the brain?

Primary Motor Cortex

Primary Motor Cortex: FUNCTION

Initiating motor movements

What name of this structure in the brain?

Temporal lobes

Temporal Lobes: FUNCTIONS

Perception, face recognition, memory

What is the association area of the temporal lobe?

Wernicke’s Area

What name of this structure in the brain?

Thalamus

Thalamus: FUNCTION

Relaying motor/sensory info, memory, alertness

What name of this structure in the brain?

Wernicke’s Area

Wernicke’s Area: FUNCTION

Language comprehension

What name of this structure in the brain?

Somatosensory Cortex

Somatosensory Cortex: FUNCTION

Integrates sensory info from body and produces a visual map

In which lobe is the somatosensory cortex located?

Parietal lobe

What are all brain parts that are apart of the frontal lobe? (4) includes AA and cortexes

Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, Broca’s area, primary motor cortex

Association area

Areas in the cerebral cortex that interpret information

Neuroplasticity

Brain’s ability to change

TRUE OR FALSE: Neuroplasticity is common in older adults

FALSE, younger

Neurogenesis

Formation of new neurons

The left hemisphere of the cerebrum controls what?

Speech

The right hemisphere of the cerebrum does what?

Interpret info using senses, makes inferences

Left hemisphere of the cerebrum controls which side of the body?

RIGHT

Right hemisphere of the cerebrum controls which side of the body?

LEFT

TRUE OR FALSE: Individuals with spilt brain can interpret objects on the left side, but CANNOT see objects on the right side. They can also talk about the object on the left side

TRUE

What are the 6 type of brain scans?

EEG, MEG, CT, PET, MRI, fMRI

EEG

Amplified recording of electrical activity that travel across the brain’s surface in waves.

EEG: FUNCTION

To observe the brain while actively functioning

EEG: PROCEDURE

Wires are attached to head

MEG

Measures magnetic fields from brain’s electrical activity

MEG:FUNCTION

Speed and strength of magnetic fields help understand how certain tasks influence brain activity

CT

Examines brain damage by taking x-rays

PET

Detects brain activity and how much glucose the brain needs to consume when completing a task

MRI

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue

fMRI

Technique that reveals blood flow and can slow how body functions and structures

Hallucinations occur in which lobe?

Temporal

Hallucinations occur in which cortex?

Auditory cortex