AN SCI 3242 Lab 03: Feed Identification

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering energy feeds, protein and nitrogen sources, minerals, vitamins, co-products, and additives from AN SCI 3242 Lab 03 Feed Identification.

Shelled Corn (Whole Corn)

An energy feed consisting of intact, unprocessed whole kernels of yellow dent corn, serving as the standard high-starch baseline energy feed for livestock.

Ground Corn

An energy feed produced by mechanically grinding whole corn kernels to reduce particle size, increase surface area, and improve digestive enzyme accessibility.

Steam-flaked Corn

An energy feed processed by subjecting whole corn to steam heat and moisture before pressing it through corrugated rollers into flat flakes, gelatinizing starch for maximum digestibility in feedlots.

Corn Starch

A pure white, powdery energy feed ingredient extracted from the endosperm of the corn kernel, consisting almost entirely of carbohydrate.

Barley

A cereal grain classified as an energy feed, characterized by spindle-shaped, hull-covered kernels with tapered ends and a longitudinal dorsal crease.

Oats

A cereal grain energy feed featuring elongated groats enclosed within a fibrous, pointed hull; higher in fiber and lower in energy density than corn.

Wheat

A high-energy cereal grain that is higher in crude protein and lysine than corn, but with rapid starch ruminal fermentation requiring careful management to avoid acidosis.

Triticale

A hybrid cereal grain developed by crossing wheat with rye, combining the nutritional quality of wheat with the environmental tolerance of rye for use as an energy feed.

Milo (Sorghum)

A drought-hardy cereal grain classified as an energy feed, consisting of small, hard, round reddish-brown seeds with feeding value roughly equivalent to 95% of corn.

Cane Molasses

A thick, dark, viscous liquid co-product of sugarcane refining, rich in sucrose and simple sugars, used to increase diet palatability, reduce dust, and serve as a pellet binder.

Dried Molasses

A dehydrated, free-flowing dry energy feed derived from liquid molasses, providing concentrated fermentable sugars in a powder form that blends easily into dry rations.

Granular Whey

A granulated dry energy feed produced from the liquid byproduct of cheese production, rich in lactose and highly digestible milk minerals.

Dried Whey

A dehydrated dairy byproduct containing high levels of lactose and readily digestible milk protein, commonly included in starter diets for young pigs and calves.

Whole Cottonseeds

An energy and protein feed ingredient composed of fuzzy white-linted seeds that supply high concentrations of both crude protein, dietary fat, and effective fiber for dairy cattle.

Alifet (Dried Fat)

A specialized dry, granulated fat supplement classified as an energy feed, utilized to increase the caloric density of livestock rations without depressing fiber digestion.

Soybean Meal

The premier oilseed protein source derived after solvent extraction of oil from soybeans, characterized by high crude protein content and an excellent balance of essential amino acids.

Soy Plus (Heat protected soy)

A high-protein dairy feed ingredient manufactured by specially heat-treating soybean meal to elevate the level of rumen undegradable protein (bypass protein).

Cottonseed Meal

A high-protein byproduct obtained after pressing oil from cottonseeds, commonly fed to ruminants but limited in swine and poultry diets due to the presence of free gossypol.

Corn-gluten Meal

A concentrated protein byproduct of the wet-milling process containing approximately 60% crude protein, high levels of rumen bypass protein, and yellow xanthophyll pigments.

Lupins

A cool-season grain legume classified as a protein and energy feed, consisting of large, flat, beige-colored seeds with a low starch and high digestible fiber profile.

Fish Meal

A high-quality animal protein supplement manufactured by cooking, pressing, drying, and grinding whole fish or fish cuttings, rich in lysine, methionine, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Linseed Meal (Flax Meal)

A protein byproduct derived from the residue of oil-extracted flaxseed, known for its conditioning effects on animal hair coats and moderate protein content.

Blood Meal

A concentrated animal protein supplement made by flash-drying clean mammalian or avian blood, containing 80% to 85% crude protein and serving as an excellent source of bypass lysine.

Feather Meal

A protein supplement produced by pressure-hydrolyzing poultry feathers to break down keratin bonds followed by drying and grinding, yielding high sulfur amino acids.

Meat and Bone Meal

A rendered mammalian tissue byproduct containing both meat scrap and bone mineral, providing concentrated crude protein along with bioavailable calcium and phosphorus.

Urea

A synthetic non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source appearing as small, white, spherical prills, containing approximately 45% nitrogen (equivalent to roughly 281% crude protein) used exclusively by rumen microbes.

DL-methionine

A crystalline synthetic amino acid supplement formulated to meet the dietary requirement for the first-limiting amino acid in poultry and second-limiting amino acid in swine.

Lysine

A supplemental crystalline essential amino acid used to precisely satisfy the first-limiting amino acid requirement in corn-based swine and poultry diets.

Spray-dried Plasma

A highly digestible, specialty animal protein ingredient rich in functional globular proteins and immunoglobulins, widely used in nursery pig starter diets.

Dicalcium Phosphate

A primary inorganic mineral supplement manufactured by treating rock phosphate with calcium compounds, providing concentrated bioavailable phosphorus (roughly 18.5%) and calcium.

Limestone

A ground sedimentary rock consisting primarily of calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$), commonly added to livestock and poultry rations to supply concentrated calcium (approx. 38%).

Cupric Sulfate (Copper Sulfate)

A bright blue crystalline inorganic mineral salt used as a highly soluble, bioavailable source of supplemental trace copper.

Colbalt Carbonate

An inorganic trace mineral compound used to provide cobalt, which rumen microorganisms utilize directly to synthesize vitamin $B_{12}$.

Magnesium Oxide

A dense mineral feed supplement supplying bioavailable magnesium, commonly incorporated into cattle rations to prevent grass tetany (hypomagnesemia).

Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

A major cereal co-product of corn dry-mill ethanol fermentation, concentrated three-fold in protein, fat, fiber, and phosphorus following starch conversion into alcohol.

Corn Gluten Feed

A co-product of the corn wet-milling industry composed of corn bran and condensed steepwater, providing medium protein and highly digestible non-forage fiber for ruminants.

Poultry By-product Meal

A rendered co-product feed composed of ground, clean parts of slaughtered poultry carcasses (heads, feet, undeveloped eggs, viscera), serving as an animal protein source.

Soyhulls (Soybean Hulls)

The fibrous outer seed coat of the soybean removed during processing, providing a highly digestible, palatable non-forage fiber source for ruminants.

Sunflower Screenings

A co-product obtained from cleaning harvested sunflower seeds, containing small broken sunflower seeds, striped hulls, and stems.

Cottonseed Hulls

The tough, outer fibrous covering removed from cottonseeds, widely used as an extremely palatable, bulky roughage source in ruminant feedlot and dairy rations.

Wheat Midds

A flour-milling co-product consisting of fine particles of wheat bran, wheat germ, and endosperm flour, delivering moderate protein and digestible fiber.

Tylan 40 (Rice Hull Carrier)

A medicated feed additive formulated with the antibiotic tylosin mixed on an inert rice hull carrier, utilized for disease prevention and treatment in livestock feeds.

Ground Wheat

Ground Wheat

Ground Milo (Ground Sorghum)

Ground Milo (Ground Sorghum)

lactose

lactose

Whole Soybeans

Whole Soybeans

Canola Meal

Canola Meal

Peanut Meal

Peanut Meal

Non-fat Dried Milk

Non-fat Dried Milk

Spray-dried Egg White

Spray-dried Egg White

Spray-dried Blood

Spray-dried Blood

Threonine

Threonine

Potassium Chloride

Potassium Chloride

Sodium Chloride

Sodium Chloride

Zinc Carbonate

Zinc Carbonate

Zinc Oxide

Zinc Oxide

Choline

Choline

Trace Mineral Premix

Trace Mineral Premix

Vitamin Premix

Vitamin Premix

Calcium Carbonate

Calcium Carbonate

Selenium Premix

Selenium Premix

Soy Hulls (Pellets)

Soy Hulls (Pellets)

Rice Bran

Rice Bran

Wheat Bran

Wheat Bran

Oat Hulls

Oat Hulls

Sunflower Screenings

Sunflower Screenings

Pelleted Corn Cobs

Pelleted Corn Cobs

Ground Corn Cobs

Ground Corn Cobs

Waste Sugar

Waste Sugar