BIOL 400 DNA REPLICATION D1

what is a gene

Gene are section of DNA that code for specific polypeptides (protein)

what causes genes to vary

changes via environment

genotype: DNA make up

phenotype: measurable characteristics

functions of DNA

encoding information

transmitting information (inter-cel)

organization of genetic information

gene

DNA

chromosome

prokaryotic vs eukaryotic chromosomes

prokaryotic: smaller, closed loop

eukaryotic: linear, larger

amount of DNA that is useless

98%-99%

useful examples of non-protein expressing genes

centromeres

functions of chromosomes

regulate gene activity

carry genetic info during cell division

parts of a nucleotide

nitrogenous base (A,C,T,G)

pentose sugar (deoxyribose)

phosphate group

types of nitrogenous bases

PURINES: 2 rings (A,G)

PYRIMIDINES: 1 ring (T,C)

what type of bond connects two nucleotides

phosphochesterbond

what type of backbone does the DNA strand have

sugar-phosphate

what ends are there of the DNA strand

5' end and 3' end