3.1: Empires Expand
vocabulary to know
istanbul- was the capital city of the byzantine, roman and later the roman empire, previously known as constantinople
fall of constantinople- the event of when constantinople fell to the ottoman turks, ending the byzantine empire’s reign
safavid- ruling dynasty of iran
shi’a islam - the muslims of the branch of islam that believes that ali and the imams are the only right successor of muhammad
battle of panipat - the battle that marked the beginning of the mughal empire and was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery
bakufu- a military government established in japan after the gempei wars
romanov- a dynasty that favored the nobles, reduced military, expanded the russian empire further reast, and fought several unsuccessful wars
st petersburg- capital city of russia built by peter the great
samurai- member of the japanese warrior caste
ottomans vs safavids- the rivalry between the ottomans (sunni’s) and safavids (shia’s)
learning targets
Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750.
notes
europe
in general
monarchies gain power due to the end of the medieval period.
we see characteristics like more literacy (due to gutenberg printing press), increase in development economically and centralization
new monarchies emerge in the 1500’s due to the desire for centralized power. they controlled taxes, army, and aspects of religion. includes:
- england: the Tudors
- france: the valois
- spain: queen isabella and king ferdinand
these new monarchs use their new wealth and power to
- fund overseas explorations
- establish colonies
russia
ivan iv/ivan the terrible expands border of russia eastward, taking more land from mongol control
- gains control of the volga river, making it so they can trade with persia and ottoman empire without worrying about the mongols
- he did this using a lot of gunpowder and using groups of warrior-peasants called cossacks
- post ivan iv tsars continued to move east into siberia eventually all the way to the pacific ocean, using militias and fur traders, as well as missionaries
east asia
the mongol yuan dynasty (1271-1368) in china is overthrown by the ming dynasty (1368-1644), who expanded into mongolian territory and restored the great wall to protect them. they continued to fight the mongols until the qing dynasty took over (1644-1911)