Culture, Science, and Technology, 600-1450

• Trade, migration, empire-building, and cross-cultural mixing led to the diffusion, of religious practices, cultural traditions and style, and scientific and technological innovations   * Cross Cultural Exchange and Cultural Growth     * Cross-cultural exchange shaped art, literature, and traditions of many parts of the world     * Buddhist culture: spread throughout East Asia, Korea then to Japan     * Neo-Confucian principles of hierarchy and filial piety spread widely, reinforcing social stratification and gender inequality throughout East Asian societies     * Buddhist and Hindu influences radiated outward from India     * Islam extended from North Africa to the Middle East and Persia, and even beyond     * In the Americas, pyramid building, human sacrifice, sun god worship and the use of quips was followed       * quipi: knot tying instead of writing     * Mulsim scholars derived much of their expertise from encounters with mathematical writings from India and ancient Greece       * formation of algebra, Greek philosophy and science       * navigation tools such as the compass and astrolabe     * China invented (wood) block printing, and movable-type printing   * Far From Home: Interregional Travelers     * Interregional Travelers created ties between distant societies through writing, travel and raised geographical and cultural awareness

• Old and New Traditions: Cultural Developments by Region   * Medieval and Renaissance Europe     * The medieval period advanced from the Dark ages to the cultural revival known as the Renaissance     * Latin was the international language of learning     * Geocentric theory: the sun revolves around the Earth     * first cost-effective movable-type printing press     * Artists could not violate Church dictates, and humanism: the conviction that o be human is something to rejoice in   * Islam and The Middle East     * Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are three monotheistic faiths possess an eventful shared history     * Follow the Quran     * Sharia is the codification of traditional Islamic law     * Follow the Five Pillars of Faith     * Social community called the umma, governed by the caliph   * Africa     * Islamic culture powerfully shaped artistic and intellectual life in many parts of Africa     * African literature was preserved through oral tradition   * Asia and Oceania     * The Tang and Song dynasty were the world’s scientifically and technologically advanced society     * Revival of Neo-Confucianism teachings     * Officials had to pass the civil service examination     * A new form of Buddhism emerged in China known as Chan and Zen known in Japan     * Forbidden City: architectural masterpiece of the early Ming period   * The Americas     * Lived by hunting and foraging     * Built large earth mounds which were used for religious and ceremonial purposes       * Built pyramids to serve as temples, and worshipped the same gods as MesoAmericans that proceeded them       * Temple of the Sun was the largest place of worship

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