industrial revolution late 1700-1800s Great Britain

Big idea, the industrial revolution started in England and spread to the other countries. French revolution impact on Great Britain, social inequality and political involvement

Enclosure movement

Bought land created large farms, built a fence around it, enclosed it

Financial hierarchy large farm landowner on top small farm owner poor - large farm land owners would buy the small poor farms land

Often relied on any open land to let animals, graze or small amounts of plants. Area doesn’t exist after large Farm owners buy out small farm owners.

The process of putting a fence around your land, bigger farms, equal bigger fields to cultivate. How can they make The most money with their large fields now considered their land.

they could do their own farming techniques better techniques, equal more crops equals more jobs for the people in the field

Jethro Tull

• Throwing with seeds was wasteful

• See drill

• Seeds in rose and specific debts equal higher seed output

Rotating crops

• Agricultural revolution led to deforestation

• Crop rotation – take nutrients out of of the land, following year use a crop to put nutrients back in

Why did the industrial revolution start in Great Britain?

• Natural resources through physical geography

• Economy was strong

• Political stability

• Nationalism

• Enclose movement

Industrialization

Industrialization – process of developing machine, production of goods through use of natural resources

• Hydro power and cold to run machine

• Iron to build machine machines

• Reverse to transport goods

• Harbors for ships to sale internationally

Three factors necessary for proper industrialization

• Land labor, capital

Textiles

• John K – flying shuttle is

• Whitney – cotton gin

• James Hargreaves – spinning Jenny

• Wealthy merchants, put a lot of machines and built factories

• Needed water for power – built near rivers

• Transportation – invented out of a need for cheaper more efficient transport

Inventions

• James Watt – more efficient steam engine allow business to have power away from water

• Robert Fulton – steamboat Clermont

• Henry Bessemer– Cheap mass product, steel Bessemer process

Liverpool – Manchester

• Industrial growth – cheap transport of material

• Jobs – workers and minors

• Agriculture and fishing could transport goods

• Move out of cities have city job

• Travel

Life changes because of Industrial revolution

• More money in factories and farm

• Heat home better clothes, better food

• Urbanization – people move out from country to city

Many issues, including no

Development plans

• Sanitary and building codes

• Housing

• Education

• Police

• Drainage

• Trash volume

Working conditions

• Factory owner wanted more money

• Average worker 14 hours – six days a week monotonous

• No safety regulations

Child, labor, and women

• Middle class equals had enough money for maids

• Working class equal cooks, maid’s factory workers

• Kids working age 9 until law outline max hours could work

Social classes

Upper equals large landowner’s factory owner

• Middle class develops

  • Skilled workers professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

  • Eventually split to upper and lower middle class

• Working class equals people who had worked before were replaced by machines example close makers

United States

• War of 1812 equal British blockade of goods forced US to industrialize

• Samuel Slater invented spinning machine

• Francis Lowe – textile power through natural resource resources

  • Factory towns – wanted to hire a whole family

US developments

• Mass production – the system that includes

• Interchangeable parts

• Assembly line

• Division of labor – having different workers do different laborers specialization

• Where was the scene the most?

• Immigration more factories equal more people want to come

• Railroads

Where do people get money for companies?

• Sold stocks – small shares of business, Trains

• Corporation – business owned by stockholders, share profit, but not responsible for Debt

• More stock sold equal more money

  • Standard oil, Carnegie steel

Europe

• Europe was struggling since Napoleon and French revolution

• Gap between Europe and Britain

• Belgium – had natural resources used to industrialized

• Germany – developed in pockets, shipped in British goods, kids got British education, railroad

some countries did not industrialized because geography – social structure

So what?

• Power shift – industrialized countries versus lagging behind

• Hunt for overseas colonies

• Imperialism – extending power over another land

• Europe gained economic power over Asia and Africa – agriculture

• Creation of middle class equals education, democratic participation – social reform is coming